Development of Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease after Self-Reported Adherence to the Atkins Diet

Barnett, Ted D.; Barnard, Neal D.; Radak, Tim L.

doi:10.1016/j.jada.2009.04.003

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…One patient with type 2 diabetes assigned to LCD arm had poor adherence to medication and died in hyperosmolar coma . There are many other potential hazards reflected by case reports of LCDs, including Wernicke's encephalopathy and optic neuropathy from thiamine deficiency, acute coronary syndrome , keto‐acidosis and anxiety disorder .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐carbohydrate diets for overweight and obesity: a systematic review of the systematic reviews

et al. 2018

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Low-carbohydrate diets are being widely recommended, but with apparently conflicting evidence. We have conducted a formal systematic review of the published systematic reviews of RCTs between low-carbohydrate vs. control (low-fat/energy-restricted) diets in adults with overweight and obesity. In MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, searched from inception to September 2017, we identified 12 systematic reviews, 10 with meta-analyses. Differences in methods, study quality, weight change and citations of published systematic reviews were assessed by AMSTAR-2. Review methods varied in definitions of low-carbohydrate diet, databases searched and bias assessment. Overall review quality was high in two, moderate in three, critically low in seven. Among meta-analyses, 4/5 with critically low quality showed low-carbohydrate diet superiority for weight loss (0.7-4.0 kg), while high quality meta-analyses reported little or no difference between diets. Greater numbers of participants correlated with smaller differences in weight loss (r = 0.73, p = 0.03). More citations correlated with lower review quality (rho = -0.9, p = 0.037), with larger differences in weight loss (rho = -0.9, p = 0.037), and with journal impact factor (rho = 1.0, p = 0.01). In conclusion, publication acceptance and citations appear to favour apparently larger effect sizes above methodological quality. Better quality reviews and RCTs are needed, before recommending low-carbohydrate diets as preferred to other approaches for energy restriction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐carbohydrate diets for overweight and obesity: a systematic review of the systematic reviews

et al. 2018

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“…Most importantly, there were two case reports of acute coronary syndrome in patients following the of the left anterior descending artery (135) . Another case report was a 41-year-old man, who had no ASCVD risks and no family history of premature coronary artery disease.…”

Section: Low-carbohydrate Diets and Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low and reduced carbohydrate diets: challenges and opportunities for type 2 diabetes management and prevention

2020

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Low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) have been promoted for weight control and type 2 diabetes (T2D) management, based on an emerging body of evidence, including meta-analyses with an indication of publication bias. Proposed definitions vary between 50 and 130 g/d, or <10 and <40 % of energy from carbohydrate, with no consensus on LCD compositional criteria. LCD are usually followed with limited consideration for other macronutrients in the overall diet composition, introducing variance in the constituent foods and in metabolic responses. For weight management, extensive evidence supports LCD as a valid weight loss treatment, up to 1–2 years. Solely lowering carbohydrate intake does not, in the medium/long term, reduce HbA1c for T2D prevention or treatment, as many mechanisms interplay. Under controlled feeding conditions, LCD are not physiologically or clinically superior to diets with higher carbohydrates for weight-loss, fat loss, energy expenditure or glycaemic outcomes; indeed, all metabolic improvements require weight loss. Long-term evidence also links the LCD pattern to increased CVD risks and mortality. LCD can lead to micronutrient deficiencies and increased LDL-cholesterol, depending on food selection to replace carbohydrates. Evidence is limited but promising regarding food choices/sources to replace high-carbohydrate foods that may alleviate the negative effects of LCD, demanding further insight into the dietary practice of medium to long term LCD followers. Long-term, high-quality studies of LCD with different food sources (animal and/or plant origins) are needed, aiming for clinical endpoints (T2D incidence and remission, cardiovascular events, mortality). Ensuring micronutrient adequacy by food selection or supplementation should be considered for people who wish to pursue long-term LCD.

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“…Some research indicates the macrobiotic diet may produce favorable changes in immunologic parameters and decrease inflammation in the body (Harmon et al, 2015). The Atkins diet is a carbohydrate-restrictive diet that has gained popularity among patients seeking to lose weight (Barnett et al, 2009). This is in contrast to diets that focus on low-fat, high complex-carbohydrate consumption, which include the macrobiotic diet, (Lerman, 2010), Pritikin diet (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Special diets in modern America: Analysis of the 2012 National Health Interview Survey data

et al. 2017

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Development of Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease after Self-Reported Adherence to the Atkins Diet

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Low‐carbohydrate diets for overweight and obesity: a systematic review of the systematic reviews

Low‐carbohydrate diets for overweight and obesity: a systematic review of the systematic reviews

Low and reduced carbohydrate diets: challenges and opportunities for type 2 diabetes management and prevention

Special diets in modern America: Analysis of the 2012 National Health Interview Survey data

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