Development of synapses on pyramidal and multipolar non-pyramidal neurons in the visual cortex of rabbits. A combined Golgi-electron microscope study

̈ller, L.J. Mu; Pattiselanno, A.; Cardozo, Bob Nunes; Vrensen, Gijs F.J.M.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(84)90003-4

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Synapse is a highly specialized connection between two neurons and is essential for the functional connection and signal transmission between neurons [28] . The gradual formation of synapse is associated with the differentiation and migration of neurons [29] , [30] . The embryonic Pb exposure might inhibit the differentiation of neurons as well as the formation of synapses at the same time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Synaptic Structural Plasticity in Impairments of Spatial Learning and Memory Induced by Developmental Lead Exposure in Wistar Rats

Xiao

Han

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Lead (Pb) is found to impair cognitive function. Synaptic structural plasticity is considered to be the physiological basis of synaptic functional plasticity and has been recently found to play important roles in learning and memory. To study the effect of Pb on spatial learning and memory at different developmental stages, and its relationship with alterations of synaptic structural plasticity, postnatal rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control; Pre-weaning Pb (Parents were exposed to 2 mM PbCl2 3 weeks before mating until weaning of pups); Post-weaning Pb (Weaned pups were exposed to 2 mM PbCl2 for 9 weeks). The spatial learning and memory of rats was measured by Morris water maze (MWM) on PND 85–90. Rat pups in Pre-weaning Pb and Post-weaning Pb groups performed significantly worse than those in Control group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the performance of MWM between the two Pb-exposure groups. Before MWM (PND 84), the number of neurons and synapses significantly decreased in Pre-weaning Pb group, but not in Post-weaning Pb group. After MWM (PND 91), the number of synapses in Pre-weaning Pb group increased significantly, but it was still less than that of Control group (p<0.05); the number of synapses in Post-weaning Pb group was also less than that of Control group (p<0.05), although the number of synapses has no differences between Post-weaning Pb and Control groups before MWM. In both Pre-weaning Pb and Post-weaning Pb groups, synaptic structural parameters such as thickness of postsynaptic density (PSD), length of synaptic active zone and synaptic curvature increased significantly while width of synaptic cleft decreased significantly compared to Control group (p<0.05). Our data demonstrated that both early and late developmental Pb exposure impaired spatial learning and memory as well as synaptic structural plasticity in Wistar rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Synaptic Structural Plasticity in Impairments of Spatial Learning and Memory Induced by Developmental Lead Exposure in Wistar Rats

Xiao

Han

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Surprisingly, substantial currents could be elicited from the cell body (Fig. 1C, trace 4) despite the fact that very few excitatory synapses occur at the soma (Muller et al 1984); thus pyramidal cell somata contain large numbers of extrasynaptic receptors. In all pyramidal neurons examined, the amplitude of glutamate responses varied in a consistent pattern along the length of the dendritic processes.…”

Section: Glutamate Receptor Gradients On Pyramidal Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Distribution of Functional Glutamate and GABA Receptors on Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells and Interneurons

Pettit

Augustine

2000

Journal of Neurophysiology

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The distribution of functional neurotransmitter receptors is an important determinant of neuronal information processing. To map the location of functional glutamate and GABA receptors on individual hippocampal neurons, we photolyzed "caged" glutamate and GABA while measuring the electrical currents resulting from activation of these receptors. Responses to uncaged neurotransmitters were spatially nonuniform and varied according to the type of receptor and type of neuron. Every region of CA1 pyramidal cells responded to glutamate and GABA, but glutamate and GABA receptors increased in density along the length of their distal dendrites. Similar gradients of glutamate receptors were found in stratum radiatum interneurons, while GABA responses were detectable only in the perisomatic region of these interneurons. These regional variations in receptor distribution indicate the selective targeting of receptors on central neurons and may reflect a mechanism for local regulation of synaptic efficacy.

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“…The method presented here does not offer a clear distinction between symmetrical and asymmetrical synapses. However, from other studies (Somogyi and Cowey, 1981;Peters et al, 1979, Schober et al, 1983 and our own observations (Muller et al, 1984a), it is known that all synapses on spin€ s are of the asymmetrical type. In studies of central nervous system (CNS) cell types in which this paramett r is unknown, a short preliminary investigation on thc location and ratio of the asymmetrical vs. symmetrical synapses can be carried out using the Golgi-rapid gc Id toning procedure.…”

Section: The Golgi-rapid Goldmentioning

confidence: 92%

Quantitative aspects of synapses on Golgi‐impregnated neurons

Müller

Cardozo

Vrensen

1992

Microscopy Res & Technique

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With the classical Golgi techniques, numerous types of neurons can be distinguished in the cerebral cortex, each with a specific dendritic geometry and pattern of axonal ramifications. In the present review we describe two techniques which allow quantification of synapses on identified neurons: (1) Golgi-rapid impregnation-gold toning-electron microscopy, and (2) Golgi-Kopsch impregnation-gold toning-electron microscopy in combination with staining of the tissue with ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA). Both techniques were applied on neurons in the visual cortex of young and adult rabbits. By means of rotating and tilting specimens in the electron microscope, the nondistinctive ultrastructure of obliquely sectioned synapses can be circumvented, leading to precise estimates of asymmetrical vs. symmetrical synapses without complete reconstruction of the neuron.

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Development of synapses on pyramidal and multipolar non-pyramidal neurons in the visual cortex of rabbits. A combined Golgi-electron microscope study

Cited by 11 publications

References 66 publications

Role of Synaptic Structural Plasticity in Impairments of Spatial Learning and Memory Induced by Developmental Lead Exposure in Wistar Rats

Role of Synaptic Structural Plasticity in Impairments of Spatial Learning and Memory Induced by Developmental Lead Exposure in Wistar Rats

Distribution of Functional Glutamate and GABA Receptors on Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells and Interneurons

Quantitative aspects of synapses on Golgi‐impregnated neurons

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