Development of synthesis gas production catalyst and process

Yagi, Fuyuki; Wakamatsu, Shuhei; Kajiyama, Ryuichirou; Suehiro, Yoshifumi; Shimura, Mitsunori

doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(04)80039-9

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Also, ATR shows up in many commercial processes due to the ability to handle large scale scenarios. The reactions carried on in the ATR can be expressed as follows (Yagi, et al, 2005;Suehiro, et al, 2004): The H 2 /CO ratio is subject to adjustment by controlling some factors including the flowrate of CO 2 and use of steam. While recycling CO 2 , and removing H 2 will decrease ratio, increasing steam would yield opposite effect (Lu and Lee, 2007).…”

Section: Synthesis Gas Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation, integration, and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid processes

Bao

El‐Halwagi

Elbashir

2010

Fuel Processing Technology

158

103

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Simulation, Integration, and Economic Analysis of Gas-to-Liquid Processes. (December 2008) Buping Bao, B.S., Zhejiang University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi Gas-to-liquid (GTL) process involves the chemical conversion of natural gas (or other gas sources) into synthetic crude that can be upgraded and separated into different useful hydrocarbon fractions including liquid transportation fuels. A leading GTL technology is the Fischer Tropsch process. The objective of this work is to provide a techno-economic analysis of the GTL process and to identify optimization and integration opportunities for cost saving and reduction of energy usage and environmental impact. First, a basecase flowsheet is synthesized to include the key processing steps of the plant. Then, computer-aided process simulation is carried out to determine the key mass and energy flows, performance criteria, and equipment specifications. Next, energy and mass integration studies are performed to address the following items: (a) heating and cooling utilities, (b) combined heat and power (process cogeneration), (c) management of process water, (c) optimization of tail-gas allocation, and (d) recovery of catalystsupporting hydrocarbon solvents. Finally, an economic analysis is undertaken to determine the plant capacity needed to achieve the break-even point and to estimate the return on investment for the base-case study. After integration, 884 million $/yr is saved from heat integration, 246 million $/yr from heat cogeneration, and 22 million $/yr from water management. Based on 128,000 barrels per day (BPD) of products, at least 68,000 BPD capacity is needed to keep the process profitable, with the return on investment (ROI) of 5.1%. Compared to 8 $/1000 SCF natural gas, 5 $/1000 SCF price can increase the ROI to 16.2%.

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Section: Synthesis Gas Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation, integration, and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid processes

Bao

El‐Halwagi

Elbashir

2010

Fuel Processing Technology

158

103

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“…1 Great attention is being paid to the conversion of CH 4 and CO 2 , the cheapest carboncontaining materials, into more valuable compounds by catalytic reactions. 2 This is commercialized as the "Calcor Process" 3 and the "SPARG Process" 4 and mixing of Ni and Al oxides as a catalyst for this process. 5 The conversion of CH 4 to synthesis gas is usually carried out by steam reforming, leading to the formation of synthesis gas with an H 2 /CO ratio higher than 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Syngas by CO₂ Reforming on M_xLa_1−xNi_0.3Al_0.7O_3−d (M = Li, Na, K) Catalysts

Khalesi

Arandiyan

Parvari

2008

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This paper deals with the effect of modification with alkali metals (Li, Na, K) in M x La 1-x Ni 0.3 Al 0.7 O 3-d (x ) 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0) mixed-oxide perovskites as catalysts for the dry reforming of methane to produce syngas. The perovskite-type oxides have been synthesized by a sol-gel method using propionic acid as solvent and have been characterized by techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Bruner Emmet Teller surface area (BET), spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and carbon analysis (CA). Characterization of the M x La 1-x Ni 0.3 Al 0.7 O 3-d samples has shown that by applying this synthetic method it is possible to obtain highly crystalline, homogeneous, and pure solids with well-defined structures. However, when lanthanum was replaced by potassium or lithium, the reduction temperature was increased and the reaction temperature had to be increased to obtain good activity. After establishment of the optimal catalytic and experimental conditions, the selected catalysts did not show significant deactivation even after 15 h on stream, maintaining their activity and selectivity in the production of synthesis gas. Among all catalysts, Li 0.2 La 0.8 Ni 0.3 Al 0.7 O 2.8 showed less coke formation; Na 0.5 La 0.5 Ni 0.3 Al 0.7 O 2.5 showed high yield; and K 0.5 La 0.5 Ni 0.3 Al 0.7 O 2.5 produced an H 2 /CO ratio close to 1 over a wide temperature range. These catalysts showed the best activities in lithium-, sodium-, and potassium-promoted series, respectively. In reactivity tests, methane conversions in excess of 90% and selectivities for H 2 up to 80% at 850 °C under 1 atm have been achieved.

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“…To illustrate the factors contributing to the CSI and their impact on prototypical fuel production and conversion processes, we investigate the various carbon-containing Feedstock-to-Transport Fuel conversions through the Fischer-Tropsch process, [6,12,25,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43] where the carboncontaining feedstock is first converted into syngas, a mixture of H 2 and CO and subsequently converted into crude synfuel, and further refined to the desired fuel fraction. The entire process sub-units which comprise the complete Well -to-Tank processes have been defined in Fig.…”

Section: The Catalyst Sensitivity Index: a Completementioning

confidence: 99%

The Catalyst Selectivity Index (CSI): A Framework and Metric to Assess the Impact of Catalyst Efficiency Enhancements upon Energy and CO2 Footprints

et al. 2015

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Heterogeneous catalysts are not only a venerable part of our chemical and industrial heritage, but they also occupy a pivotal, central role in the advancement of modern chemistry, chemical processes and chemical technologies. The broad field of catalysis has also emerged as a critical, enabling science and technology in the modern development of ''Green Chemistry'', with the avowed aim of achieving green and sustainable processes. Thus a widely utilized metric, the environmental E factor-characterizing the waste-to-product ratio for a chemical industrial processpermits one to assess the potential deleterious environmental impact of an entire chemical process in terms of excessive solvent usage. As the many (and entirely reasonable) societal pressures grow, requiring chemists and chemical engineers not only to develop manufacturing processes using new sources of energy, but also to decrease the energy/carbon footprint of existing chemical processes, these issues become ever more pressing. On that road to a green and more sustainable future for chemistry and energy, we note that, as far as we are aware, little effort has been directed towards a direct evaluation of the quantitative impacts that advances or improvements in a catalyst's performance or efficiency would have on the overall energy or carbon (CO 2 ) footprint balance and corresponding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of chemical processes and manufacturing technologies. Therefore, this present research was motivated by the premise that the sustainability impact of advances in catalysis science and technology, especially heterogeneous catalysis-the core of large-scale manufacturing processes-must move from a qualitative to a more quantitative form of assessment. This, then, is the exciting challenge of developing a new paradigm for catalysis science which embodies-in a truly quantitative form-its impact on sustainability in chemical, industrial processes. Towards that goal, we present here the concept, definition, design and development of what we term the Catalyst Sensitivity Index (CSI) to provide a measurable index as to how efficiency or performance enhancements of a heterogeneous catalyst will directly impact upon the fossil energy consumption and GHG emissions balance across several prototypical fuel production and conversion technologies, e.g. hydrocarbon fuels synthesized using algae-tobiodiesel, algae-to-jet biofuel, coal-to-liquid and gas-to-liquid processes, together with fuel upgrading processes using fluidized catalytic cracking of heavy oil, hydrocracking of heavy oil and also the production of hydrogen from steam methane reforming. Traditionally, the performance of a catalyst is defined by a combination of its activity or efficiency (its turnover frequency), its selectivity and stability (its turnover number), all of which are direct manifestations of the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the heterogeneous catalyst itself under specific working conditions. We will, of course, retain these definitions of the catalytic process, ...

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Development of synthesis gas production catalyst and process

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Simulation, integration, and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid processes

Simulation, integration, and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid processes

Production of Syngas by CO₂ Reforming on M_xLa_1−xNi_0.3Al_0.7O_3−d (M = Li, Na, K) Catalysts

The Catalyst Selectivity Index (CSI): A Framework and Metric to Assess the Impact of Catalyst Efficiency Enhancements upon Energy and CO2 Footprints

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Development of synthesis gas production catalyst and process

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Simulation, integration, and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid processes

Simulation, integration, and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid processes

Production of Syngas by CO2 Reforming on MxLa1−xNi0.3Al0.7O3−d (M = Li, Na, K) Catalysts

The Catalyst Selectivity Index (CSI): A Framework and Metric to Assess the Impact of Catalyst Efficiency Enhancements upon Energy and CO2 Footprints

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Product

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About

Production of Syngas by CO₂ Reforming on M_xLa_1−xNi_0.3Al_0.7O_3−d (M = Li, Na, K) Catalysts