Development of technology of highly accessible compound feeds with vacuum spraying of liquid components

Abstract

The technology of production of compound feeds for agricultural (pigs) and unproductive (dogs, cats) animals, as well as for fur-bearing animals (minks, arctic foxes, sables) and valuable fish (sturgeon, trout, etc.), in which the replacement of expensive components of animal origin (fish meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, offal), for extruded vegetable high-protein components (soy, sunflower or rapeseed meal, lupine, peas, soy) is carried out. The use of vacuum spraying of thermolabile liquid components (amino acids, protein-vitamin-mineral additives, vitamins, fats) on the surface of extruded pellets will allow you to obtain highly digestible feed. The kinetic regularities of the studied processes of humidification and steaming, extrusion, drying/cooling and draining are determined, and their rational modes are revealed. The technological scheme of the line for the production of highly digestible compound feeds has been developed, which includes the following equipment: hopper; extruder; dryer-cooler; liquid component injection plant, draining machine; conveyor and finished product hopper. According to the technical characteristics (overall dimensions, weight, occupied area, drive power, uniformity of application of fat on the surface of granules), the manufactured coating machine and the liquid component injection unit exceed the best world analogues. The technology of vacuum mixing with the introduction of liquid components will ensure their uniform distribution over the entire volume, reduce the duration of mixing, which will increase the productivity of the vacuum mixer and reduce energy consumption. The developed technology and promising types of technological equipment (mixer, extruder, vacuum sprayer, dryer-cooler) will make it possible to obtain highly digestible feed of a new generation with a protein content of 60 %, fat content of 40 %, with the introduction of growth stimulants, biologically active additives. An increase in the protein and fat complex will increase the digestibility of compound feeds by 10-12 %, increase weight gain by 10-12 % and reduce feed conversion by 15 %.

Study of quality indicators of mixed fodder when using byproducts of the fat-and-oil industry

“…At the same time, the basis of the system of centralized processing of fat and oil raw materials is waste-free technology, its essence is the maximum use of all valuable components of the raw material. According to the assigned task one of the directions of work to attract material resources is the effective use of by-products, which will additionally obtain a new finished product with lower production costs and a sufficiently high quality [2,3,4,6,8,17].…”

Development of productive pseudocapsulated compound feeds for rainbow trout grown in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation

“…Therefore, fish producers refuse long-standing partners who produce mixed fodder for fish in pelleted form. They are forced to buy mixed fodder, where the methods of extrusion and pseudocapsulation are used [1,7].…”

“…Mixtures for valuable fish breeds produced by the classical technology of simple mixing of components have significant disadvantages: loss of biological active substances due to dust, oxidation of vitamins and destruction of a number of trace elements, exposed to the environment. But the main thing is the stratification of components into fractions during shipment and transportation (self-sorting of the feed when moving by various transport mechanisms or during transport) and traceability during storage, limiting the processed product by the amount of fat, short storage times as well as a narrow range of products [4,5,7].…”

Development of a new technology for the production of food-grade soybean meal

“…The products of oil extraction enterprises are soybean oil, soybean meal used in animal feeds and flour with different protein content. For feed purposes, soybean meal is used directly as an ingredient in compound feed, or the compound feeds of a higher nutrient digestibility are used with extruded soybean meal and vacuum spraying of liquid components [2]. When soybean meal are toasted under standard (mild) operation modes, oil extraction plants produce a white petal from soybeans, which, in turn, is a raw material for the production of soy concentrates, isolates and texturates used as meat substitutes [3,4].…”