Development of the Ascending Auditory Pathway

Milinkeviciute, Giedre; Cramer, Karina S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.24166-7

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 238 publications

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“…Eph proteins, including the Eph receptors and their ligands ephrins, are fundamental for axonal guidance in the CNS (Cheng et al, 1995;Cramer and Gabriele, 2014;Klein and Kania, 2014;Milinkeviciute and Cramer, 2020). A series of elegant studies in the auditory hindbrain uncovered the role of EphA4/B2/B3 receptors in regulating axonal connectivity of the dA1-derived NM-NL binaural circuit in avian, or in the projection of the VCN nuclei, which consist of dA1 and dB1 neurons, to the contralateral MNTB in mice.…”

Section: Eph-ephrinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal Projection Patterns of the Dorsal Interneuron Populations in the Embryonic Hindbrain

et al. 2021

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Unraveling the inner workings of neural circuits entails understanding the cellular origin and axonal pathfinding of various neuronal groups during development. In the embryonic hindbrain, different subtypes of dorsal interneurons (dINs) evolve along the dorsal-ventral (DV) axis of rhombomeres and are imperative for the assembly of central brainstem circuits. dINs are divided into two classes, class A and class B, each containing four neuronal subgroups (dA1-4 and dB1-4) that are born in well-defined DV positions. While all interneurons belonging to class A express the transcription factor Olig3 and become excitatory, all class B interneurons express the transcription factor Lbx1 but are diverse in their excitatory or inhibitory fate. Moreover, within every class, each interneuron subtype displays its own specification genes and axonal projection patterns which are required to govern the stage-by-stage assembly of their connectivity toward their target sites. Remarkably, despite the similar genetic landmark of each dINs subgroup along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis of the hindbrain, genetic fate maps of some dA/dB neuronal subtypes uncovered their contribution to different nuclei centers in relation to their rhombomeric origin. Thus, DV and AP positional information has to be orchestrated in each dA/dB subpopulation to form distinct neuronal circuits in the hindbrain. Over the span of several decades, different axonal routes have been well-documented to dynamically emerge and grow throughout the hindbrain DV and AP positions. Yet, the genetic link between these distinct axonal bundles and their neuronal origin is not fully clear. In this study, we reviewed the available data regarding the association between the specification of early-born dorsal interneuron subpopulations in the hindbrain and their axonal circuitry development and fate, as well as the present existing knowledge on molecular effectors underlying the process of axonal growth.

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Section: Eph-ephrinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal Projection Patterns of the Dorsal Interneuron Populations in the Embryonic Hindbrain

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, without Lmx1a/b , all aspects of the cochlea are eliminated beyond an undifferentiated sac, including no differentiation of cochlear hair cells or SGNs ( Figures 3A,B ). Additional transcription factors have been identified for cochlear nuclei formation (Milinkeviciute and Cramer, 2020 ). For instance, Hoxb1 is expressed in r4 in the PVCN and parts of the DCN (Di Bonito et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Cochlear Nuclei Depend On Transcription Factors That May Cha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Hearing Loss: Sensory and Neural Etiology and Their Interdependence

Elliott

Fritzsch

Yamoah

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a common, increasing problem for older adults, affecting about 1 billion people by 2050. We aim to correlate the different reductions of hearing from cochlear hair cells (HCs), spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), cochlear nuclei (CN), and superior olivary complex (SOC) with the analysis of various reasons for each one on the sensory deficit profiles. Outer HCs show a progressive loss in a basal-to-apical gradient, and inner HCs show a loss in a apex-to-base progression that results in ARHL at high frequencies after 70 years of age. In early neonates, SGNs innervation of cochlear HCs is maintained. Loss of SGNs results in a considerable decrease (~50% or more) of cochlear nuclei in neonates, though the loss is milder in older mice and humans. The dorsal cochlear nuclei (fusiform neurons) project directly to the inferior colliculi while most anterior cochlear nuclei reach the SOC. Reducing the number of neurons in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) affects the interactions with the lateral superior olive to fine-tune ipsi- and contralateral projections that may remain normal in mice, possibly humans. The inferior colliculi receive direct cochlear fibers and second-order fibers from the superior olivary complex. Loss of the second-order fibers leads to hearing loss in mice and humans. Although ARHL may arise from many complex causes, HC degeneration remains the more significant problem of hearing restoration that would replace the cochlear implant. The review presents recent findings of older humans and mice with hearing loss.

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“…SGN neurons develop prior to the cochlear hair cells and central auditory nuclei. SGNs can establish central projections even in the absence of target hair cells (Elliott et al, 2017;Kersigo and Fritzsch, 2015), but expression of Neurod1, Wnts, Fzd, Npr2 and Ephrins is required for proper targeting of the central projections (Duncan et al, 2019;Macova et al, 2019;Milinkeviciute and Cramer, 2021;Schmidt and Fritzsch, 2019). Additional work is needed to characterize selectively the development of the central terminations of the different SGN classes Muniak, et al, 2016;Muniak and Ryugo, 2014).…”

Section: Generation Of Cochlear Sensory Neurons Depends On Eya1 Sox2 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms governing development of the hindbrain choroid plexus and auditory projection: A validation of the seminal observations of Wilhelm His

Development of the Ascending Auditory Pathway

Cited by 4 publications

References 238 publications

Axonal Projection Patterns of the Dorsal Interneuron Populations in the Embryonic Hindbrain

Axonal Projection Patterns of the Dorsal Interneuron Populations in the Embryonic Hindbrain

Age-Related Hearing Loss: Sensory and Neural Etiology and Their Interdependence

Molecular mechanisms governing development of the hindbrain choroid plexus and auditory projection: A validation of the seminal observations of Wilhelm His

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