Development of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to proteins and differentiation of cerebrospinal fluid in the chick embryo

Birge, Wesley J.; Rose, A.D.; Haywood, Jeff; Doolin, Paul F.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(74)90303-0

Cited by 57 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For example, CSF in chicken embryos has a thirty times higher protein concentration than in adult chickens (8,9). Another interesting point is that chicken and sheep embryonic and fetal CSF protein concentration increases progressively until the end of the fetal stage (10-12), while in rats it remains elevated until after birth (13).…”

Section: Singular Characteristics Of Embryonic Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic cerebrospinal fluid in brain development: neural progenitor control

et al. 2014

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Due to the effort of several research teams across the world, today we have a solid base of knowledge on the liquid contained in the brain cavities, its composition, and biological roles. Although the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is among the most relevant parts of the central nervous system from the physiological point of view, it seems that it is not a permanent and stable entity because its composition and biological properties evolve across life. So, we can talk about different CSFs during the vertebrate life span. In this review, we focus on the CSF in an interesting period, early in vertebrate development before the formation of the choroid plexus. This specific entity is called “embryonic CSF.” Based on the structure of the compartment, CSF composition, origin and circulation, and its interaction with neuroepithelial precursor cells (the target cells) we can conclude that embryonic CSF is different from the CSF in later developmental stages and from the adult CSF. This article presents arguments that support the singularity of the embryonic CSF, mainly focusing on its influence on neural precursor behavior during development and in adult life.

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Section: Singular Characteristics Of Embryonic Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic cerebrospinal fluid in brain development: neural progenitor control

et al. 2014

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“…The eCSF of avians (chick) and mammals (rodents and human) displays a dynamic expression pattern of hundred of proteins including essential growth and survival factor for the developing brain (Parada et al, 2005, 2006; Zappaterra and Lehtinen, 2012). Indeed, the main constituents of eCSF are proteins whose enrichment is 30-fold higher at embryonic stages than in the adult cerebrospinal fluid (Birge et al, 1974; Dziegielewska et al, 1980). Proteomic analysis of eCSF revealed the presence of several factors related to cell differentiation or proliferation such as fibroblast growth factors (Martin et al, 2006), insulin-like growth factors (Salehi et al, 2009), sonic hedgehog (Huang et al, 2010), Wnts (Lehtinen et al, 2011), lipoproteins (Parada et al, 2008), and nerve growth factor (Mashayekhi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SCO-spondin from embryonic cerebrospinal fluid is required for neurogenesis during early brain development

Vera-Montecinos¹,

Stanic²,

Montecinos³

et al. 2013

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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The central nervous system (CNS) develops from the neural tube, a hollow structure filled with embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (eCSF) and surrounded by neuroepithelial cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that the eCSF contains diffusible factors regulating the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of the neuroepithelium, although these factors are only beginning to be uncovered. One possible candidate as eCSF morphogenetic molecule is SCO-spondin, a large glycoprotein whose secretion by the diencephalic roof plate starts at early developmental stages. In vitro, SCO-spondin promotes neuronal survival and differentiation, but its in vivo function still remains to be elucidated. Here we performed in vivo loss of function experiments for SCO-spondin during early brain development by injecting and electroporating a specific shRNA expression vector into the neural tube of chick embryos. We show that SCO-spondin knock down induces an increase in neuroepithelial cells proliferation concomitantly with a decrease in cellular differentiation toward neuronal lineages, leading to hyperplasia in both the diencephalon and the mesencephalon. In addition, SCO-spondin is required for the correct morphogenesis of the posterior commissure and pineal gland. Because SCO-spondin is secreted by the diencephalon, we sought to corroborate the long-range function of this protein in vitro by performing gain and loss of function experiments on mesencephalic explants. We find that culture medium enriched in SCO-spondin causes an increased neurodifferentiation of explanted mesencephalic region. Conversely, inhibitory antibodies against SCO-spondin cause a reduction in neurodifferentiation and an increase of mitosis when such explants are cultured in eCSF. Our results suggest that SCO-spondin is a crucial eCSF diffusible factor regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation of the brain neuroepithelial cells.

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“…Although in adult rats transport of CTOP through the blood brain barrier is low (Van Dorpe et al, 2010), relatively high cerebrospinal –fluid-plasma concentration ratios for macromolecules in cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma have been demonstrated in the developing brain (Birge et al, 1974; Habgood et al, 1993; Saunders et al, 2008). This suggests that small molecules like CTOP would likely penetrate the brain of the preweanling rat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central effects of ethanol interact with endogenous mu-opioid activity to control isolation-induced analgesia in maternally separated infant rats

Nizhnikov

Kozlov

Kramskaya

et al. 2014

Behavioural Brain Research

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Endogenous opioid activity plays an important role in ethanol consumption and reinforcement in infant rats. Opioid systems are also involved in mediation and regulation of stress responses. Social isolation is a stressful experience for preweanling rats and changes the effects of ethanol through opioid-dependent mechanisms. The present study assessed effects of intracisternal (i.c.) administration of a selective mu-opioid antagonist (CTOP) and i.p. administration of a nonspecific opioid antagonist (naloxone) on voluntary intake and behavior in socially isolated 12–day-old (P12) pups treated with 0.5 g/kg ethanol. Voluntary intake of 0.1% saccharin or water, locomotion, rearing activity, paw licking and grooming were assessed during short-term isolation from littermates (STSI; 8-min duration). Thermal nociceptive reactivity was measured before and after this intake test, with normalized differences between pre- and post-test latencies of paw withdrawal from a hot plate (49°C) used as an index of isolation-induced analgesia (IIA). Results indicated several effects of social isolation and ethanol mediated through the mu-opioid system. Effects of low dose ethanol (0.5 g/kg) and voluntary consumption of saccharin interacted with endogenous mu-opioid activity associated with STSI. Blockade of mu-opioid receptors on saccharin consumption and paw licking-grooming affected intoxicated animals. Low dose ethanol and ingestion of saccharin blunted effects of CTOP on rearing behavior and nociceptive reactivity. Central injections of CTOP stimulated paw licking and grooming dependent on ethanol dose and type of fluid ingested. Ethanol selectively increased saccharin intake during STSI in females, naloxone and CTOP blocked ethanol–mediated enhancement of saccharin intake. We suggest that enhancement of saccharin intake by ethanol during STSI is the product of synergism between isolation-induced mu- opioid activity that increases the pup’s sensitivity to appetitive taste stimulation and the anxiolytic effects of 0.5 g/kg ethanol that decreases behaviors otherwise competing with independent ingestive activity.

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Development of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to proteins and differentiation of cerebrospinal fluid in the chick embryo

Cited by 57 publications

References 32 publications

Embryonic cerebrospinal fluid in brain development: neural progenitor control

Embryonic cerebrospinal fluid in brain development: neural progenitor control

SCO-spondin from embryonic cerebrospinal fluid is required for neurogenesis during early brain development

Central effects of ethanol interact with endogenous mu-opioid activity to control isolation-induced analgesia in maternally separated infant rats

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