Development of the CAVEMAN Human Body Model: Validation of Lower Extremity Sub-Injurious Response to Vertical Accelerative Loading

Functional Grading of a Transversely Isotropic Hyperelastic Model with Applications in Modeling Tricuspid and Mitral Valve Transition Regions

“…For instance, surgical simulators have shown great promise in supplementing traditional training and planning of minimally invasive surgical procedures by recreating the surgical scene, with applications ranging from neurological to cardiovascular interventions [1]. Additionally, several whole-body finite element (FE) models [2,3] have been used to supplement post-mortem human subject impact data from mechanical insults such as blunt, penetrating and blast events to advance the fields of crashworthiness and impact biomechanics research. Both surgical simulators and whole-body injury-prediction models require detailed geometrical and biomechanical characterization of soft tissue to predict accurate tool-tissue interaction forces and damage propagation in the human body respectively.…”

“…Both surgical simulators and whole-body injury-prediction models require detailed geometrical and biomechanical characterization of soft tissue to predict accurate tool-tissue interaction forces and damage propagation in the human body respectively. However, the vast body of literature on soft-tissue characterization focus on organ-specific homogeneous tissue properties [1,3], with lesser emphasis on the transition regions between various tissue types.…”

“…It should also be emphasized here that most surgical simulators/whole-body injury prediction tools currently assign phenomenological models to each macroscale organ/organelle [3,[35][36][37]. As such, incorporation of structural models to account for tissue transitions [32] in surgical simulators/ whole-body injury prediction tools presents an immediate integration and compatibility challenge-the parameters of the structural model need re-calibration for backwards compatibility, particularly for those tissue regions that are currently assigned homogeneous phenomenological material properties.…”

“…The contact force solver is based upon the slave-master formulation for node-segment contact, and is solved using a Lagrange multiplier approach to ensure that Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) inequality holds. Velodyne has been extensively utilized for investigation and validation of impact biomechanics problems [3,56] and underbody blast modeling [3]. For all simulations used in this study, an explicit FE solution was used.…”

Development of a Five‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Seated Human Model and Parametric Studies for Its Vibrational Characteristics

“…Siefert et al [15] developed a human-seat interaction system and extracted the seat transfer functions and contact pressure between a human body and a seat. Butz et al [16] proposed the finite element model of the lower extremity based on anatomy data and calculated the dynamic responses of the human model in the military vehicles. Although the finite element method is capable of sophisticated modelling of the entire human body and local segments, its computational time increases as the number of elements increases in nature.…”