Development of the cervical vesicles in man

Garrett, Frederic D.

doi:10.1002/ar.1091000109

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Epithelial "filaments" associated with the margins of the pharyngeal arches of the chick (Boyden, 1918) and several reptiles (Boyden, 1918;Raynaud et al, 1981Raynaud et al, , 1983) have previously been interpreted as rudimentary gill filaments, although they may simply represent persistent remnants of closing plates (Raynaud et al, 1983). The perforations through the closing plates of reptiles, birds, and mammals presumably close and mesenchyme subsequently penetrates between ectoderm and endoderm to round out the surface of the neck, but these postperforation stages have not been examined in detail in any species (Boyden, 1918;Garrett, 1948;Yander and Searls, 1980). The role cellular degeneration may play in perforation of the oral membrane and closing plates is uncertain and may not be identical in all species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and perforation of closing plates in the chick embryo

Waterman

1985

Anat. Rec.

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The morphology of the closing plates between adjacent pharyngeal arches was examined in chick embryos between stages 11 and 21 (Hamburger-Hamilton). Each closing plate is formed by apposition between the basal surfaces of portions of the pharyngeal pouch endoderm and the ectoderm of the overlying pharyngeal cleft. Initial contact between ectoderm and endoderm occurs at several small points which are separated by regions containing mesenchymal cells and extracellular material. Contact between the opposed epithelia is made by extension of cellular processes through the intervening basal laminae and extracellular space. Endodermal and ectodermal cells then interdigitate to create a cellular layer which rapidly thins. The interposed extracellular material is sequestered into small pools as cellular interdigitation proceeds. Perforations form through certain regions of closing plates 1-3 and persist during the stages studied. Small slit-like depressions appear between cells of the closing plate just prior to perforation. The initial perforations enlarge until they are separated only by thin cellular strands. These strands presumably rupture, leaving small cellular accumulations which persist for a short time marking the junction between ectoderm and endoderm along the walls of adjacent pharyngeal arches. Clear evidence of cell degeneration is rare. These results suggest that cellular reorganization, rather than cell death, is a major mechanism of initial perforation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and perforation of closing plates in the chick embryo

Waterman

1985

Anat. Rec.

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“…Definitive surgery was performed at the age of 41 years, and the patient has been free of disease for the past 5 years 9 months. 12,14,30,40,41 The two deepest recesses in the floor of the sinus, derived from the second and fourth branchial clefts, are eventually cut off from the surface and form the cervical (or placode) vesicles IX and X that obliterate independently. 16 had an incomplete local excision at the age of 63 years.…”

Section: Follow-up Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic Hamartomatous Thymoma

Fetsch¹,

Laskin²,

Michal³

et al. 2004

The American Journal of Surgical Pathology

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This report describes the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in 21 cases of a highly distinctive tumor with a strong predilection for the lower neck region of adult males. Our study group consisted of 20 males and one female. The patients were 28 to 79 years old (mean age, 47 years; median age, 40 years), and they presented with solitary, lobular or multilobular masses ranging in size from 2.0 to 19.0 cm in greatest dimension (mean size, 5.1 cm; median, 4 cm). The tumors principally involved the lower neck region, usually in close proximity to the sternoclavicular joint. The preoperative duration of the lesions ranged from 2 months to 30 years. Histologically, the tumors were typically well marginated and composed of plump spindled cells, delicate spindled cells, mature adipose tissue, and epithelial cells, including both squamous and glandular elements. Epithelial-lined cysts were a focal finding in most cases and measured up to 2 cm in greatest dimension. Mitotic counts for the tumors ranged from 0 to 7 mitotic figures per 50 high power fields (mean mitotic count, 1.1 mitotic figures per 50 HPFs). Our immunohistochemical analysis revealed a complex immunophenotype with a diverse keratin profile. The plump spindled cells had a myoepithelial phenotype, as evidenced by the coexpression of keratins (5, 5/6, and 14), alpha-smooth muscle actin, CD10, and to a lesser extent, calponin. No compelling evidence for thymic differentiation was observed. The patients were initially managed by biopsy or partial resection (n = 4), simple local excision (n = 16), or an unspecified procedure (n = 1). Clinical follow-up of > or =3 years was available for 10 patients (48%). Two patients had recurrent disease, but there were no metastases or tumor-related deaths. A derivation from sequestered branchial epithelium is likely, but evidence for a thymic component is tenuous, at best. Our data support reclassification of this distinctive process as a branchial anlage mixed tumor. The differential diagnosis includes conventional mixed tumors of skin adnexal or salivary gland origin, synovial sarcoma, a peripheral nerve sheath tumor variant, and cystic teratoma.

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“…Here it can be seen that an overgrowth of the external aspect of the second branchial arch forms an atrium (the cervical sinus of His) common to the second, third, and fourth cervical clefts. T h e operculum thus formed from the second arch was believed to incarcerate all of the more caudal clefts, but in the studies of Frazier (1926) and in the later reports of Garrett (1948) and Proctor (1955) it has been shown that it is the growth of the third arch that separately seals off the third and fourth clefts. T h e work of Garrett shows that the second cleft retains its external opening longer than the others and, thus, most cervical sinuses and cysts are more likely to be vestiges of the second cleft.…”

Section: Significance Of the Hypoglossal Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

Third pharyngeal pouch sinuses: Report of a bilateral case with a review of the embryology and literature

Parke

Settles

1991

Clinical Anatomy

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Bilateral pharyngeal sinuses were found in a 71-year-old male Caucasian anatomic cadaver. As their ostia opened through the piriform recesses cranioventral to the plicae of the internal branches of the superior laryngeal nerves, they were determined to be of third pharyngeal (branchial) pouch origin. A publication review revealed that this instance was the tenth case of third pharyngeal pouch sinuses reported in the English literature, and the third case describing a bilateral occurrence. Histologic sections showed the sinuses were lined with a stratified squamous epithelium that was complexly evaginated on the lateral sinus wall. Despite the tendency to accumulate ingested matter, the sinus epithelium showed no chronic pathology. A review of branchial embryology suggested that the relative rarity of third (and fourth) pharyngeal pouch vestiges may be partly explained by the "ascensus" of the hypoglossal nerve and the aortic arch migrations lateral to the pharyngeal regions derived from these more caudal branchial pouches. However, as the literature of the last two decades has surprisingly revealed reports of 28 cases of fourth pharyngeal pouch sinuses, the third pouch sinuses are now the rarest of the reported endobrachial vestiges.

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Development of the cervical vesicles in man

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Formation and perforation of closing plates in the chick embryo

Formation and perforation of closing plates in the chick embryo

Ectopic Hamartomatous Thymoma

Third pharyngeal pouch sinuses: Report of a bilateral case with a review of the embryology and literature

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