Development of the clinical tibiofemoral angle in normal adolescents. A study of 427 normal subjects from 10 to 16 years of age

Jp, Cahuzac; Vardon, Delphine; Gauzy, Jérôme Sales de

doi:10.1302/0301-620x.77b5.7559698

Cited by 69 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…We found that no patient in our population demonstrated normal Femoral Anteversion and high Tibial Torsion profile nor high Femoral Anteversion and high Tibial Torsion profile, whereas these profiles were reported by Cahuzac et al [13] in his series. Patients in the series of Cahuzac et al [13] were all seeking medical advice because of gait disturbance whereas patients in our series were all considered free of gait deviations. This discrepancy highlights the need for reference studies based on carefully collected normal subjects in order to provide normative data.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Rotational profile of the lower limb in 1319 healthy children

et al. 2008

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Rotational profile of the lower limb in 1319 healthy children

et al. 2008

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“…Due to differences in measurement methods, comparisons of our tibiofemoral angle values to previously reported values are difficult, as normal values are unclear and dependent on whether the anatomical or mechanical axis of the femur is used for measurement. In the adult population, studies that used the anatomical axis of the femur (as did the current study) reported mean values of a valgus alignment, 11,28,73 while the mean values of studies using the mechanical axis of the femur (a line from the center of the head of the femur to the knee joint center) indicated a varus alignment. 12,50,80 The primary reason for this disparity is likely due to the fact that the anatomical axis of the femur has a normal valgus angulations of 5° to 7° relative to the mechanical axis.…”

Section: Tibiofemoral Anglementioning

confidence: 46%

“…This is supported by findings that sex differences are present in the decline of valgus alignment through the adolescent years: whereas boys continue to move towards a varus or more neutral alignment, with significant decreases in valgus alignment after the age of 13, girls maintain a valgus alignment. 11 While this may contribute to the greater valgus alignment found in females postpuberty, the underlying reasons for this difference in rates of development are unknown.…”

Section: Tibiofemoral Anglementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Clinical Measures of Lower Extremity Alignment

Nguyen¹,

Shultz²

2007

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

173

135

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Selected lower limb injuries and, in particular, those of the knee have been reported to occur in greater prevalence in females compared to males. 4,29,49,60,61,85 Sex differences in lower extremity alignment (LEA) have been included among a myriad of risk factors as a potential cause for the prevalence of knee injury in females. 21,29,34,33,47 Anecdotally, females have been cited as having greater anterior pelvic tilt, femoral anteversion, tibiofemoral angle, quadriceps angle, genu recurvatum, tibial torsion, and foot pronation. 21,29 However, apart from the measure of quadriceps angle, there is little empirical data to support these sex differences in a healthy population.While the literature consistently demonstrates greater mean quadriceps angles in females, 1,23,24,26,28,84 limited studies support a sex difference in mean pelvic tilt 24 and genu recurvatum. 81 Conversely, no sex differences have been observed with measures of tibial torsion 57,77 and foot pronation as measured by navicular drop 6,24,51,81 t StuDy DeSign: Descriptive, cohort design.t ObJectiveS: To comprehensively examine sex differences in clinical measures of static lower extremity alignment (LEA).t bAckgrOunD: Sex differences in LEA have been included among a myriad of risk factors as a potential cause for the increased prevalence of knee injury in females. While clinical observations suggest that sex differences in LEA exist, little empirical data are available to support these sex differences or the normal values that should be expected in a healthy population.t MethODS AnD MeASureS: The right and left static LEA of 100 healthy college-age participants (50 males [mean 6 SD age, 23.3 6 3.6 years; height, 177.8 6 8.0 cm, body mass, 80.4 6 11.6 kg] and 50 females [mean 6 SD age, 21.8 6 2.5 years; height, 164.3 6 6.9 cm; body mass, 67.4 6 15.2 kg]) was measured. Each alignment characteristic was analyzed via separate repeated-measures analyses of variance, with 1 between-subject factor (sex) and 1 within-subject factor (side).t reSultS: There were no significant sex-byside interactions and no differences between sides. Females had greater mean anterior pelvic tilt, hip anteversion, quadriceps angles, tibiofemoral angles, and genu recurvatum than males (P<.0001). No sex differences were observed in tibial torsion (P = .131), navicular drop (P = .130), and rearfoot angle (P = .590).t cOncluSiOn: Sex differences in LEA indicate that females, on average, have greater anterior pelvic tilt, thigh internal rotation, knee valgus, and genu recurvatum. These sex differences were not accompanied by differences in the lower leg, ankle, and foot. Understanding these collective sex differences in LEA may help us to better examine the influence of LEA on dynamic lower extremity function and clarify their role as a potential injury risk factor.

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“…Several methods [1,[3][4][5][13][14][15][16] have been used to measure the knee angles in children. Radiographic methods [5,[14][15][16], although used most commonly, are time-consuming and have ethnical issues related to unnecessary radiation exposure in healthy children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal development of the knee angle in healthy Indian children: A clinical study of 215 children

Saini

Bali

Sheth

et al. 2010

Journal of Children's Orthopaedics

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The overall pattern of development might be slightly different in Indian children, especially in Indian girls, with early reversal of physiological varus (<2 years of age) and a late peak of maximal valgus at the knee (6 years of age). Varus after 3 years seems atypical for Indian children. We provide an elaborate set of data for the mean TFA of different age groups and believe that this data could be of potential benefit to the physicians while evaluating lower limb alignment in Indian children aged 2-15 years.

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Development of the clinical tibiofemoral angle in normal adolescents. A study of 427 normal subjects from 10 to 16 years of age

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Rotational profile of the lower limb in 1319 healthy children

Rotational profile of the lower limb in 1319 healthy children

Sex Differences in Clinical Measures of Lower Extremity Alignment

Normal development of the knee angle in healthy Indian children: A clinical study of 215 children

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