“…Adherence and competence have been assessed for different forms of therapies simultaneously, including supportive expressive therapy , CT for depression (Barber, Liese, & Abrams, 2003), individual drug counseling (Barber, Mercer, Krakauer, & Calvo, 1996), dynamic therapy (Barber et al, 2004;Barber, Krakauer, Calvo, Badgio, & Faude, 1997), and PE (Schnurr et al, 2005(Schnurr et al, , 2007. In the scales developed by Carroll et al (2000), , and Barber et al (1997Barber et al ( , 2003Barber et al ( , 2004, raters are asked to assess the extent to which a technique was delivered (adherence) on a 5-or 7-point Likert scale, and how well it was done (competence), thus enabling separate reporting of adherence and competence as continuous variables.…”