DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLAGELLAR APPARATUS OF <i>NAEGLERIA </i>

Dingle, Allan D.; Fulton, Chandler

doi:10.1083/jcb.31.1.43

Cited by 170 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…New centrioles are apparently formed close to the nuclear envelope, as in other cells forming centrioles de novo, e.g. Naegleria (Dingle and Fulton 1966), Chara (Pickett-Heaps 1968), and Oedogonium (Pickett-Heaps 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure and Differentiation of Hydrodictyon Reticulatum III. Formation of the Vegetative Daughter Net

Marchant¹,

Pickett‐Heaps²

1972

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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[Manusoript reoeived 18 August 1971] Ab8tractVegetative zooids of H. reticulatum, produoed by cleavage of parental ooenobial oytoplasm, linked together within their parental oell walls to form oylindrioal nets oharaoteristio of this alga. A oonspiouous feature of net-forming zooids were bands of miorotubules underlying the plasmalemma. An active role is proposed for these miorotubules in the ordered linking of the zooids. Amorphous material, presumably adhesive, was seen only in interoellular spaces between aggregating zooids. Following adhesion of the zooids, eaoh one usually linking with four others, their flagella were retraoted and both flagellar miorotubules and basal bodies disintegrated. Centrioles arose de novo on the nuolear envelope of eaoh cell at the time of deposition of a bilayered wall.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure and Differentiation of Hydrodictyon Reticulatum III. Formation of the Vegetative Daughter Net

Marchant¹,

Pickett‐Heaps²

1972

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…Likewise, Schuster (30) observed particles and vesicles, called proaxonemal particles, strung out along the length of the shaft and occassionally grouped at the tip of developing flagella of the slime mold Didymium. However, in investigations of developing flagella in Allomyces (24), Naegleria (8), and cilia of Tetrahymena 5 the axonemal fibers were sometimes observed to extend right to the tip of the growing cilium or flagellum with no evidence of possible "morphogenetic material" at the tip. Clearly, the ultrastructural changes occurring during flagellar elongation will require further investigation.…”

Section: The Growth Zone Of Regenerating Flagellamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the information concerning development of flagella has come from electron microscopic studies of spermatogenesis in various vertebrates (2,10,20,33) and invertebrates (12,21,24,33) in addition to a few reports both on cilia formation in vertebrate tissues (34,35), and on flagellar morphogenesis in slime molds (31) and amebo-flagellates (8,29,30). Most of these studies have been concerned with the more complex problem of the origin of the flagellar basal bady (kinetosome, centriole) rather than with the mechanisms of elongation of the shaft of the organelle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagellar Regeneration in Protozoan Flagellates

Rosenbaum

Child

1967

The Journal of Cell Biology

274

170

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The flagella of populations of three protozoan species (Ochromonas, Euglena, and Astasia) were amputated and allowed to regenerate. The kinetics of regeneration in all species were characterized by a lag phase during which there was no apparent flagellar elongation; this phase was followed by elongation at a rate which constantly decelerated as the original length was regained. Inhibition by cycloheximide applied at the time of flagellar amputation showed that flagellar regeneration was dependent upon de novo protein synthesis. This was supported by evidence showing that a greater amount of leucine was incorporated into the proteins of regenerating than nonregenerating flagella. The degree of inhibition of flagellar elongation observed with cycloheximide depended on how soon after flagellar amputation it was applied: when applied to cells immediately following amputation, elongation was almost completely inhibited, but its application at various times thereafter permitted considerable elongation to occur prior to complete inhibition of flagellar elongation. Hence, a sufficient number of precursors were synthesized and accumulated prior to addition of cycloheximide so that their assembly (elongation) could occur for a time under conditions in which protein synthesis had been inhibited. Evidence that the site of this assembly may be at the tip of the elongating flagellum was obtained from radioautographic studies in which the flagella of Ochromonas were permitted to regenerate part way in the absence of labeled leucine and to complete their regeneration in the presence of the isotope. Possible mechanisms which may be operating to control flagellar regeneration are discussed in light of these and other observations.

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“…In contrast to C. reinhardtii, N. gruberi amebae have no morphological trace of basal bodies (14), flagellar axonemes (9), or other parts of the flagellar apparatus (24,25,36), yet they can differentiate into swimming flagellates in 2 h (10,11,13). Under carefully * Corresponding author.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transcriptional regulation of coordinate changes in flagellar mRNAs during differentiation of Naegleria gruberi amebae into flagellates.

Lee

Walsh

1988

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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The nuclear run-on technique was used to measure the rate of transcription of flagellar genes during the differentiation of Naegleria gruberi amebae into flagellates. Synthesis of mRNAs for the axonemal proteins aand l-tubulin and flagellar calmodulin, as wel as a coordinately regulated poly(A)+ RNA that codes for an unidentified protein, showed transient increases averaging 22-fold. The rate of synthesis of two poly(A)+ RNAs common to amebae and flagellates was low until the transcription of the flagellar genes began to decline, at which time synthesis of the RNAs found in amebae increased 3-to 10-fold. The observed changes in the rate of transcription can account quantitatively for the 20-fold increase in flagellar mRNA concentration during the differentiation. The data for the flageilar calmodulin gene demonstrate transcriptional regulation for a nontubulin axonemal protein. The data also demonstrate at least two programs of transcriptional regulation during the differentiation and raise the intriguing possibility that some significant fraction of the nearly 200 different proteins of the flagellar axoneme is transcriptionally regulated during the 1 h it takes N. grubeni amebae to form visible flagella.Axonemes of eucaryotic flagella are composed of nearly 200 different proteins (28). Thus, neglecting proteins associated with basal bodies and the various rootlet structures found in most cells, the formation of cilia or flagella requires the synthesis and assembly of a minimum of 200 gene products. This complexity is particularly notable because some cells can assemble flagella quite rapidly.The best-studied example of flagellum formation is the biflagellated green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Most studies of flagellum formation in C. reinhardtii have taken advantage of the fact that the cells are readily deflagellated to examine the regeneration of flagella (e.g., see references 27, 32, 33, and 39). Regeneration involves both the assembly of preexisting flagellar proteins, which can produce about 50% of the original flagellar length, and the synthesis of new protein (33). Transient increases in a number of mRNAs coding for flagellar proteins have been documented during C. reinhardi flagellar regeneration (34), but changes in only two of these RNAs have been studied at the transcriptional level. Changes in the level of mRNAs for the a and ,B subunits of tubulin were found to be due, in part, to changes in the rate of their synthesis and, in part, to changes in tubulin mRNA stability (2,19). No data are available to suggest how proteins that are exclusively flagellar are regulated (C. reinhardtii contains only one form of ,-tubulin which presumably must be used in cytoplasmic and mitotic microtubules as well as flagella) (40). It is also of interest to ask whether the regulatory mechanisms governing regeneration of flagella in a normally flagellated cell would apply to a cell forming flagella de novo.The amebo-flagellate Naegleria gruberi provides an opportunity to examine this question. In contrast to C. rei...

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLAGELLAR APPARATUS OF NAEGLERIA

Cited by 170 publications

References 15 publications

Ultrastructure and Differentiation of Hydrodictyon Reticulatum III. Formation of the Vegetative Daughter Net

Ultrastructure and Differentiation of Hydrodictyon Reticulatum III. Formation of the Vegetative Daughter Net

Flagellar Regeneration in Protozoan Flagellates

Transcriptional regulation of coordinate changes in flagellar mRNAs during differentiation of Naegleria gruberi amebae into flagellates.

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