Development of the Gametophyte in the Moss Tortella caespitosa

Gorton, Bert S.; Eakin, Robert E.

doi:10.1086/335957

Cited by 71 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The cytokinins induce the formation of bud initials, which arise as side branches from caulonemal cells (Gorton and Eakin, 1957). At least 20 native cytokinins have been identified in the moss Physcomitrella patens and some of them are also released into the culture medium (von Schwartzenberg et al, 2007).…”

Section: Regulation Of Bud Formation By Cytokininsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal regulation in green plant lineage families

Johri

2008

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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The patterns of phytohormones distribution, their native function and possible origin of hormonal regulation across the green plant lineages (chlorophytes, charophytes, bryophytes and tracheophytes) are discussed. The five classical phytohormonesauxins, cytokinins, gibberellins (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene occur ubiquitously in green plants. They are produced as secondary metabolites by microorganisms. Some of the bacterial species use phytohormones to interact with the plant as a part of their colonization strategy. Phytohormone biosynthetic pathways in plants seem to be of microbial origin and furthermore, the origin of high affinity perception mechanism could have preceded the recruitment of a metabolite as a hormone. The bryophytes represent the earliest land plants which respond to the phytohormones with the exception of gibberellins. The regulation by auxin and ABA may have evolved before the separation of green algal lineage. Auxin enhances rhizoid and caulonemal differentiation while cytokinins enhance shoot bud formation in mosses. Ethylene retards cell division but seems to promote cell elongation. The presence of responses specific to cytokinins and ethylene strongly suggest the origin of their regulation in bryophytes. The hormonal role of GAs could have evolved in some of the ferns where antheridiogens (compounds related to GAs) and GAs themselves regulate the formation of antheridia.During migration of life forms to land, the tolerance to desiccation may have evolved and is now observed in some of the microorganisms, animals and plants. Besides plants, sequences coding for late embryogenesis abundant-like proteins occur in the genomes of other anhydrobiotic species of microorganisms and nematodes. ABA acts as a stress signal and increases rapidly upon desiccation or in response to some of the abiotic stresses in green plants. As the salt stress also increases ABA release in the culture medium of cyanobacterium Trichormus variabilis, the recruitment of ABA in the regulation of stress responses could have been derived from prokaryotes and present at the level of common ancestor of green plants. The overall hormonal action mechanisms in mosses are remarkably similar to that of the higher plants. As plants are thought to be monophyletic in origin, the existence of remarkably similar hormonal mechanisms in the mosses and higher plants, suggests that some of the basic elements of regulation cascade could have also evolved at the level of common ancestor of plants. The networking of various steps in a cascade or the crosstalk between different cascades is variable and reflects the dynamic interaction between a species and its specific environment.

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Section: Regulation Of Bud Formation By Cytokininsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal regulation in green plant lineage families

Johri

2008

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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“…Physcomitrella excrete most of the auxin produced into the medium (Reutter et al 1998), and after medium exchange the auxin concentration could rise again. The next step in moss development, bud formation, can be stimulated by the application of exogenous cytokinins (Gorton and Eakin 1957). However, higher auxin concentrations inhibit normal bud development (Reski 1998b), and there are hints for a participation of auxin together with cytokinins in bud development (Cove and Ashton 1984).…”

Section: Gametophoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of an inducible reporter gene system for the analysis of auxin distribution in the moss Physcomitrella patens

2003

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The plant hormone auxin plays a major role in a variety of growth and developmental responses, even in the more ancient plants-for example, cell differentiation in mosses. Nevertheless, almost nothing is known about the distribution of auxin during moss development. To address this question, we characterised auxin distribution in the moss Physcomitrella patens using auxin-inducible reporter gene systems. Stable transgenic Physcomitrella plants were produced expressing the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene driven by the auxin-inducible promoters GH3 and DR5, respectively. Both fusions showed remarkable differences with respect to auxin-induced promoter strength and expression kinetics. A detailed characterisation of the GUS expression pattern in different developmental stages revealed that the highest auxin concentrations were in dividing and ontogenetic young cells.

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“…One of the latter stages in moss morphogenesis is the production of leafy shoots or gametophores which eventually give rise sexually to the sporophyte generation and the production of spores. The production of gametophores can be influenced by plant growth regulator application; it is this influence that has led to the hypothesis that the naturally occurring compounds may be involved in gametophore development in vivo (12,13). Consequently, moss tissue has been used for many biochemical and physiological studies of plant hormones (6,7,11,17,20), even though the presence of these substances in normal moss tissue has yet to be established.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cytokinins from the Moss Physcomitrella patens

Wang¹,

Horgan²,

Cove³

1981

Plant Physiol.

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Gametophore-over-producing mutants of the moss, Physcomitrella patens, when grown in liquid culture export high levels of cytokinin into their culture medium. The cytokinin produced by these mutants is postulated to account for their peculiar phenotype, that ofmosses treated with exogenous cytokinin. N-(A2-isopentenyl)adenine, the major cytokinin, has been iden- account for the abnormal development of OVE mosses and thus be indirectly implicated in the development of gametophores in WT tissue.

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Development of the Gametophyte in the Moss Tortella caespitosa

Cited by 71 publications

References 11 publications

Hormonal regulation in green plant lineage families

Hormonal regulation in green plant lineage families

Use of an inducible reporter gene system for the analysis of auxin distribution in the moss Physcomitrella patens

Cytokinins from the Moss Physcomitrella patens

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