Development of the Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP): reviewing measurement specific to the upper limb in tetraplegia

Kalsi‐Ryan, Sukhvinder; Curt, Armin; Verrier, Mary C.; Fehlings, Michael G.

doi:10.3171/2012.6.aospine1258

Cited by 104 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It provides complementary information to measures of activities of daily living (ADL). 11,12 Although the latter describe impairments of specific functions, they do not reveal the underlying innervation and principal kind of grasp. 12,13 Also knowledge of the strength of ISNCSCI upper extremity key muscle function does not reveal how the individual is able to use the hand-forearmproximal arm in complex movements.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 Although the latter describe impairments of specific functions, they do not reveal the underlying innervation and principal kind of grasp. 12,13 Also knowledge of the strength of ISNCSCI upper extremity key muscle function does not reveal how the individual is able to use the hand-forearmproximal arm in complex movements. 14,15 The five levels of hand function integrate the innervation of upper extremity muscles required to perform hand movements (like grasping and holding objects in the hand, manipulation (pro/ supination) and placement) and depend on sufficient voluntary innervation.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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International Spinal Cord Injury Upper Extremity Basic Data Set

et al. 2014

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Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Spinal Cord Injury Upper Extremity Basic Data Set

et al. 2014

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“…The International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) protocol 21 for upper extremity motor score (UEMS), light touch (UELT) and pinprick (UEPP), the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM), 22 and the Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, and Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP) 23 were used as complementary assessments.…”

Section: Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegeneration in the Spinal Ventral Horn Prior to Motor Impairment in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Grabher

Mohammadi

Dávid

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Remote grey matter pathology has been suggested rostral to the compression site in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). We used computational neuroimaging to assess in-vivo the extent and functional relevance of neurodegeneration in ventral and dorsal horns above the site of compression in the cervical cord of CSM patients. Twenty patients with CSM and eighteen healthy subjects underwent a high-resolution structural and diffusion MRI protocol at vertebra C2/C3. Patients received comprehensive clinical assessments. T2*-weighted data were used to segment the cross-sectional area of the grey matter into the ventral and dorsal horns. Within the ventral and dorsal horns mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from diffusion tensor imaging data determined the underlying microstructural integrity. Finally, the relationships between neurodegeneration occurring in the grey and white matter and clinical impairment were investigated. Patients suffered from mild to moderate CSM with mainly sensory impairment. The cross-sectional area of the ventral horns was not reduced (p=0.863) when compared to controls, but MD was increased (p=0.045). Greater increases in MD within the ventral horn were associated with white matter diffusivity changes (increased MD: p=0.013; decreased FA: p=0.028) within the lateral corticospinal tract. In contrast, dorsal horn cross-sectional area was reduced by 16.0% (p<0.001) without alterations in diffusivity indices when compared to controls. No associations between neurodegeneration and clinical impairment were evident. Grey matter atrophy and microstructural changes are evident remote to the compression site in CSM patients. Prior to marked motor impairment, pathophysiological changes in the ventral horns (e.g. motoneurons) related to white matter changes within the corticospinal tract. Thus, neuroimaging biomarkers of cord grey matter integrity reveal focal neurodegeneration prior to marked clinical impairment and thus could serve as predictors of ensuing impairment in CSM patients. This article has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication, but has yet to undergo copyediting and proof correction. The final published version may differ from this proof. This article has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication, but has yet to undergo copyediting and proof correction. The final published version may differ from this proof. This article has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication, but has yet to undergo copyediting and proof correction. The final published version may differ from this proof. This paper has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication, but has yet to undergo copyediting and proof correction. The final published version may differ from this proof. AbstractRemote grey matter pathology has been suggested rostral to the compression site in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). We therefore assessed neurodegeneration in the grey matter ventral and dorsal horns.Twenty patients with CSM and eighteen healthy subjects underwent a high-...

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“…The CUE is a self-reporting questionnaire in which patients rate their abilities to perform functional tasks with their arms; the THAQ focuses on activities that are important to persons with SCI, 15 but has limited clinical application being reported. 14 The recently developed GRASSP is a very promising instrument, designed to track the extent of spontaneous recovery or possible outcomes of a surgical or pharmacological intervention 16,17 and combines the evaluation of the impairment level with the evaluation of prehension. In contrast to the VLT, the GRASPP does not include information on the arm performance and it cannot be used as both an assessment tool and therapy guideline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values for the transformed Van Lieshout hand function test for tetraplegia

et al. 2013

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Study design: Longitudinal cohort study. Objectives: Previously, the Van Lieshout hand function test for tetraplegia (short form)(VLT-SF) has been transformed into an interval scale (r_VLT-SF) using the Rasch analysis, thereby fulfilling the requirements of an objective measurement. The present study aims (1) to transform r_VLT-SF logit scores (r_VLT-SF logit ) into 0-100 scores (r_VLT-SF 100 ) in order to facilitate communication amongst its users and (2) to describe r_VLT-SF 100 reference values in order to refine the prediction of upper extremity skilled performance in persons with tetraplegia. Setting: Eight Dutch rehabilitation centres. Methods: The VLT-SF data of tetraplegic patients from eight Dutch rehabilitation centres, gathered at the start of the active rehabilitation (t1), 3 months after t1 (t2) and at the time of discharge (t3), have been used. The r_VLT-SF 100 total score for t1 and t3 were computed, anchored on the data for t2. Reference values (medians and interquartiles) for different subgroups were calculated at different moments during the rehabilitation. Results: Data at t1 (n ¼ 64), t2 (n ¼ 73) and t3 (n ¼ 69) were used. The r_VLT-SF logit scores ( À4.78-6.32) were transformed into r_VLT-SF 100 (0-100) at t2. Reference values were established for persons with motor complete or incomplete lesions with either a high (C1-C6) or a low (C7-T1) lesion level at t1, t2 and t3. Significant differences (Po0.025) in r_VLT-SF 100 were found for most subgroups and different time intervals. Conclusions: The r_VLT-SF logit scores were converted into r_VLT-SF 100 scores, and reference values of the r_VLT-SF 100 have been established for different subgroups of tetraplegic patients at different stages during rehabilitation. The r_VLT-SF 100 has been proven to be able to detect improvement over time.

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Development of the Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP): reviewing measurement specific to the upper limb in tetraplegia

Cited by 104 publications

References 36 publications

International Spinal Cord Injury Upper Extremity Basic Data Set

International Spinal Cord Injury Upper Extremity Basic Data Set

Neurodegeneration in the Spinal Ventral Horn Prior to Motor Impairment in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Reference values for the transformed Van Lieshout hand function test for tetraplegia

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