Development of the Japanese version of the Visual Discomfort Scale

Abstract

BackgroundVisual stimuli, such as stripes and texts, can induce “visual discomfort” including perceptual and somatic symptoms. Individuals reporting high levels of visual discomfort might experience migraine headache and may have reduced reading efficiency due to visual perceptual difficulties. This study aimed to develop and validate the Japanese version of the Visual Discomfort Scale, which measures proneness to visual discomfort.Methods and resultsIn Survey 1, 428 adults completed the Japanese version and a questionnaire assessing migraine morbidity. Rasch analysis revealed that the Japanese version is a unidimensional scale with a high amount of unexplained variance due to random noise rather than another dimension, and has high person and item reliabilities. Participants with migraine exhibited high scores in the Japanese version, indicating the construct validity of the scale. Survey 2 with 118 adults revealed a strong test-retest correlation for the Japanese version, indicating the stability of the scale.ConclusionThe Japanese version of the Visual Discomfort Scale is a sufficiently reliable and valid scale for assessing visual discomfort, although its unidimensionality leaves room for further improvements.

Exploration of anomalous perceptual experiences in migraine between attacks using the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale

“…The present study also recruited a cohort with a wider distribution of ages and, presumably, backgrounds. There is some variability in the mean scores from each study, which is consistent with scores having been affected by sampling biases in the different studies (Cucchiera et al 2015;Imaizumi et al, 2018), such as education or gender. For example, the reported mean or median VDS scores for migraine or headache groups across these studies ranged from 8 to 25.4 and, for control groups, from 3 to 11.6.…”

“…'; 'do you ever have difficulty reading the words on a page because they begin to flicker or shimmer?'. Higher VDS scores have been reported in migraine, compared to control groups (Shepherd et al, 2012(Shepherd et al, , 2013Datta et al, 2013;Cucchiara et al, 2015;Imaizumi et al, 2018). The higher VDS scores in migraine reported by Shepherd et al (2012Shepherd et al ( ,2013 did not reflect heightened reading difficulties per se, as there were no significant differences between people with and without migraine on scores from the Adult Dyslexia Checklist (Vinegrad, 1994).…”

“…This would allow an assessment of the link between anomalous experiences between attacks, environmental migraine triggers and the general discomfort condition proposed above. Shepherd et al (2012;, Datta et al (2013), Cucchiara et al (2015) and Imaizumi et al (2018) have each used the VDS and reported significant differences between their migraine and control groups. In the original study, Conlon et al (1999) also reported significant differences between those reporting severe headaches and those who did not.…”

Questionnaire data on visual, perceptual, and emotional characteristics of Japanese adults

“…The Visual Discomfort Scale (VDS) [4], Japanese version [5], is a 23-item index with a single factor structure. The VDS assesses frequency of daily experiences of visual discomfort, such as unpleasantness, eye fatigue, and headache induced by visual stimuli (e.g., striped pattern, fluorescent lights).…”

Correlation between Binocular Vision and CVSS-17 Questionnaire in Taiwan High-Tech Industry Engineers

“…The Computer Vision Symptom Scale questionnarie (CVSS-17) quanti es the visual performance of professionals who spend prolonged periods using computers [21][22][23] . This questionnaire analyzes the potential effects of prolonged computer use and classi es them based on the frequency and severity of various symptoms, thereby determining the overall severity of different symptoms.…”