Development of the Next Generation of Phosphorus Tagged Polymeric Scale Inhibitors

Todd, Malcolm J.; Strachan, C.; Moir, G. M.; Aberdeen, U. K.; Goulding, John

doi:10.2118/130733-ms

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…At applied concentrations of 50 and 75 mg/L the inhibition efficiency is between 90 and 100 % for both the 2 hour and 24 hour measurements. As previously published, Todd (2010), these novel inhibitors appear to show both aspects of nucleation and crystal growth inhibition. There is high initial inhibition efficiency after 2 hours which does not drop after 24 hours, i.e.…”

Section: Inhibition Efficiency Core Floods Product Asupporting

confidence: 68%

“…It has long been the aim of industry to combine the inhibition efficiency, adsorption capacity and detectability of phosphonate chemistry with the more environmentally acceptable polymeric chemistry as discussed by Bourne (2010), Fleming 2001 andTodd (2010). There are several reasons why Phosphorus is attractive for inclusion in polymeric scale inhibitors:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper looks at the continued development and realization of several successful field trials of the next generation of phosphorus functionalised polymeric scale inhibitors first introduced in by this group, Todd (2010). Through scale inhibition efficiency core floods and careful analysis the appropriate analysis techniques were ascertained and the true potential of the products were realised in several field trials across the North Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphorus Functionalised Polymeric Scale Inhibitors, Further Developments and Field Deployment

et al. 2012

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As the oil and gas industry strives to replace ageing, environmentally undesirable scale inhibitors there is an ever increasing use of polymeric inhibitors. Incorporation of phosphorus functionality into a polymer backbone has been shown to improve inhibition efficiency, enhance adsorption characteristics and allow the polymer concentration to be analysed by elemental phosphorus. It is known that some phosphorus tagged polymers can be problematic to analyse in oil field brines as they typically have a low phosphorus content which is difficult to determine from the background.The development of novel phosphorus functionalised polymeric scale inhibitors was previously described (SPE 130733). This paper follows the development of the inhibitor class. Utilising extensive laboratory testing the interactive nature of the scale inhibitors and reservoir lithology was studied. These novel phosphorus functionalised inhibitors were compared to a number of other available P-containing polymers.Following successful development, one of the phosphorus functionalised polymeric inhibitors was subject to sequential fieldtrial in a harsh BaSO 4 scaling, highly naturally fractured North Sea carbonate reservoir. The phosphorus functionalised inhibitor provided improved performance compared to the incumbent product. Following the successful deployment in a carbonate reservoir the novel inhibitor class was also deployed in a number of North Sea sandstone reservoirs and one field wide case study is reported with details on the innovative management and implementation strategy presented. Focus has been given to the application of these products and a detailed analysis of field proven benefits given. This paper concludes with a detailed comparison of these Phosphorus functionalized scale inhibitors with the incumbent products they have replaced in the case histories described. The benefits that these novel, innovative products have given to the operator are described along with a technical synopsis of incremental performance benefits.

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Section: Inhibition Efficiency Core Floods Product Asupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphorus Functionalised Polymeric Scale Inhibitors, Further Developments and Field Deployment

et al. 2012

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“…The flow rig has been used widely for calcium carbonate and barium sulphate formation studies. The main application of the flow rig is testing the performance of the topside scale inhibitors, where a prolonged blockage of the examined pipe is achieved (Chunfang et al, 2010;Emmons et al, 1999;Todd et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction and Evaluation of Calcium Carbonate Deposition at Surfaces

Mavredaki¹,

Neville²

2014

SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition

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Mineral scaling is one of the main flow assurance problems facing the oil and gas sector and imposes severe constraints on the economic and safe operation of many fields. During the last decades, operators, in conjunction with the chemical manufacturers and oilfield service companies have focused on understanding, predicting and mitigating scale formation. Even though progress towards better management of scale formation continues, scale precipitation is still a significant flow assurance problem, caused by changes in temperature and pressure conditions or by mixing incompatible waters (produced water, seawater, aquifers) especially at high water cuts. One of the most frequently depositing scale types in the oil production process is calcium carbonate. To date, the overwhelming amount of research has been on the thermodynamics that drive the precipitation of calcium carbonate in an aqueous system, with little attention given to actual surface deposition. Therefore, to improve scale management practices, the kinetics that dominate CaCO 3 surface formation need to be understood. The work presented in this paper, has as its main focus the deposition of CaCO 3 at a stainless steel surface.The data from the surface is presented in conjunction with the findings from bulk phase experiments. A small bore flow rig and a quartz crystal microbalance were used for monitoring the induction time and the real time deposition of CaCO 3 . Calcium carbonate deposition was examined at a range of conditions with emphasis given to different saturation ratios (SR). The results are discussed in correlation with the theoretical calculations based on a scale prediction software.The data collected from the CaCO 3 surface experiments contribute to understanding at which level the saturation ratio becomes a threat with respect to scale formation at surfaces. This paper describes steps towards predicting the induction time of calcium carbonate at surfaces, when the main input is the saturation ratio.

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“…Assay for [SI] is usually carried out by ICP spectroscopy by detecting [P] (Boak and Sorbie 2010), although when assaying certain SI polymers, alternative analytical methods may have to be used; these other analytical techniques are also discussed in this paper. The use of P-functionalized polymers (such as PFC and PPCA) and green polymers (i.e., containing no phosphorus or sulfur, such as MAT) in the oil industry is becoming increasingly desirable because of new environmental legislation being introduced by various governments preventing the use of traditional phosphonate products in certain locations around the world (Dickinson et al 2011;Galvan and Smith 2010;Hasson et al 2011;Jacoby 2011;Van der Leeden and van Rosmalen 1990;Taj et al 2006;Todd et al 2010;Wilson et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale-Inhibitor Consumption in Long-Term Static Barium Sulfate Inhibition Efficiency Tests

Shaw¹,

Sorbie²

2013

SPE Production &Amp; Operations

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In typical bulk barite inhibition-efficiency (IE) experiments testing scale inhibitors (SIs), the IE is determined by comparing the concentrations of the barium ion in the mix to that in an uninhibited "blank" solution. That is, [Ba 2þ ] vs. time is monitored for both a blank and an inhibited solution. The fate of the SI itself over this test time period is rarely monitored, although this can give some important insights into the inhibition mechanism. This paper presents a series of long-term (up to 96 hours) barium sulfate static IE experiments in which both the supernatant SI concentration, [SI], and [Ba 2þ ] are assayed at multiple sampling times after initial mixing of seawater (SW) and formation-water (FW) brines. In standard IE tests to determine SI minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC), sampling is normally carried out at 2 hours and 22 hours only. The long-term IE experiments described in this paper involve up to eleven sampling times, typically at t ¼ 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 22, 48, 72, and 96 hours after mixing.The aim of this type of experiment is to determine the fate of the SI over time and to determine whether the IE and percentage of SI (%SI) in solution vs. time profiles correlate with each other. Clearly, SI removed from solution is consumed into the forming barium sulfate lattice in the barite precipitate. IE and solution SI often continue to decline beyond 22 hours, up to 96 hours after the mixing stage. In these experiments, the SI concentration is set at a pre-2-hour MIC threshold concentration, such that the IE and %SI consumption profiles will both decline sufficiently over time, possibly even as early as one-half hour after mixing. The SI consumption profiles obtained by testing an extensive range of phosphonate and polymeric SIs are compared and discussed. Normally, a phosphorus-containing SI is selected for evaluation to facilitate assay of SI by means of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. However, some novel results are also presented in which selected polymeric SIs were assayed by non-ICP analytical techniques. We interpret this extensive series of SI lattice-consumption experiments in terms of the mechanisms of barite inhibition and Type 1/Type 2 SI classifications presented in previous papers (Shaw et al. 2012a, b). The relevance and practical application of these findings are also discussed.

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Development of the Next Generation of Phosphorus Tagged Polymeric Scale Inhibitors

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Phosphorus Functionalised Polymeric Scale Inhibitors, Further Developments and Field Deployment

Phosphorus Functionalised Polymeric Scale Inhibitors, Further Developments and Field Deployment

Prediction and Evaluation of Calcium Carbonate Deposition at Surfaces

Scale-Inhibitor Consumption in Long-Term Static Barium Sulfate Inhibition Efficiency Tests

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