Development of the Nurse Attitude Scale short form: Factor analysis in a large sample of Japanese psychiatric clinical staff

Abstract

The Nurse Attitude Scale (NAS) measures nurses' Expressed Emotion. A short form of the NAS was developed and its reliability and validity examined. After performing factor analysis using 1252 samples, three factors were extracted. Cronbach's a for individual subscales was 0.852 for Hostility, 0.846 for Criticism and 0.645 for Positive Remarks. There was a significant correlation between individual subscales in the NAS short form and corresponding subscale in the Maslach Burnout Inventory (P < 0.001). The NAS short form seems to have acceptable reliability and validity.

The Role of Expressed Emotion in Relationships Between Psychiatric Staff and People With a Diagnosis of Psychosis: A Review of the Literature

“…It is not possible to estimate exactly how many patients and staff were sampled across all studies, as the extent to which authors report data on the same sample is not always clear. The majority of the research has been carried out in the United Kingdom or in Europe with the exception of 3 studies from the United States, 10-12 2 studies from Israel, 13,14 2 studies from Japan, 15,16 and 1 from Hong Kong. 17 The studies sampled patients from community, inpatient, or residential settings and the majority of participants had a diagnosis of schizophrenia.…”

“…Staff rated measures include the Patient Rejection Scale (PRS 31 ) used in 4 studies; 10,11,13,14 and the Nurse Attitude Scale (NAS) used in 2 studies by the authors. 15,16 The PRS is a brief 11item self-report scale, which assesses hostility and rejecting responses. It has been shown to have good psychometric properties in relatives and be associated with patient social adjustment, 32 but its reliability and validity have not been investigated in samples of staff.…”

Burnout of Long-term Care Facility Employees: Relationship with Employees' Expressed Emotion Toward Patients

“…The 30-item version used in this study has a total score of 120 points rated on a 5-point scale (very much applies: 4 points to does not apply at all: 0 points), and is composed of three subscales: positive remarks (10 items), criticism (12 items), and hostility (8 items) 11 . The NAS obtained high reliability and validity in a study of psychiatric nurses 9,10,11 . When determining the total scores of NAS, the 10 items for positive remarks were reverse calculated.…”

“…High burnout is defined as an emotional exhaustion score of 27 points or higher, depersonalization score of 10 points or higher, and personal accomplishment score of 33 points or lower 12 . The reliability and validity of the Japanese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory have been proven in several references 10,13,14 .…”

“…NAS evaluates staff EE of; it has a 30-item version 9 and a 12-item version 10 . It was created by Katsuki et al by revising the phrasing of the Japanese version 15 of the Family Attitude Scale 16 , a questionnaire for evaluating families' EE.…”