Development of the Psychiatric Nurse Job Stressor Scale (PNJSS)

Abstract

Aims:The aim of the present study was to develop a tool, the Psychiatric Nurse Job Stressor Scale (PNJSS), for measuring the stress of psychiatric nurses, and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the PNJSS.Methods: A total of 302 psychiatric nurses completed all the questions in an early version of the PNJSS, which was composed of 63 items and is based on past literature of psychiatric nurses' stress.Results: A total of 22 items from four factors, 'Psychiatric Nursing Ability', 'Attitude of Patients', 'Attitude Toward Nursing' and 'Communication', were extracted in exploratory factor analysis. With regard to scale reliability, the item-scale correlation coefficient was r = 0.265-0.570 (P < 0.01), the Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.675-0.869, and the test-retest correlation coefficient was r = 0.439-0.771 (P < 0.01). With regard to scale validity, the convergent validity of the 'job stressor' scale was r = 0.172-0.420 (P < 0.01), and the predictive validity of the 'job reaction' scale was r = 0.201-0.453 (P < 0.01). The compatibility of the factor model to the data was 1.750 (c 2 /d.f., 343.189/196, P < 0.01), the goodness of fit index was 0.910, the adjusted goodness of fit index was 0.883, the comparative fit index was 0.924, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.050. Conclusions:The PNJSS has sufficient reliability and validity as a four-factor structure containing 22 items, and is valid as a tool for evaluating psychiatric nurse job stressors.

The supplement to Developing the Psychiatric Nurse Job Stressor Scale

“…Then, 63 question items from our previous study related developing of the PNJSS [4], we selected total 11 question items of 4 items related 'Estimate of situation for psychiatric nursing' , 3 items related 'Physical environment of the psychiatric ward' and 4 items related 'Medical accident and unpredictable behaviors of psychiatric patients' , which we confirmed with a nurse and university faculties who had experience of working in a psychiatry department. There were no items that overlap with questions of PNJSS in this study.…”

“…To examination of the validity in the PNJSS (Supplemental version), we used the Psychiatric Nurse Job Stressor Scale (PNJSS) developed by Yada et al [4],and the Job stressor (JSS) and Stress Reaction (SRS) scales from the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) developed by Shimomitsu et al [21].The PNJSS was composed of Psychiatric Nursing Ability (9 items), Attitude of Patients (6 items), Attitude Toward Nursing (5 items) and Communication (2 items). The JSS was composed of quantitative overload (3 items), mental demand (3 items), physical workload (1 item), job control (3 items), and utilization of techniques (1 item), interpersonal relations (3 items), work environment (1 item), fit to the job (1 item) and reward of work (1 item).…”

“…As interest in research on job-related stress in psychiatric nurses (PNs) has been increasing in recent years [1][2][3], we previously developed the Psychiatric Nurse Job Stressor Scale (PNJSS) that can assess job stressors that are unique to PNs [4]. The scale is comprised of 22 items in four categories of factors -psychiatric nursing ability, attitude of patients, attitude toward nursing and communicationextracted from among a total of 63 items in factor analysis (maximum likelihood measure, promax rotation and scree test).…”

“…The scale is comprised of 22 items in four categories of factors -psychiatric nursing ability, attitude of patients, attitude toward nursing and communicationextracted from among a total of 63 items in factor analysis (maximum likelihood measure, promax rotation and scree test). However, as we removed many items in the repeated factor analysis (FA), we identified, as a limitation of PNJSS development, that the PNJSS is not a final scale that can assess all the job stressors of PNs [4]. In FA, differences in factor extraction method, predicted number of factors and method for factor rotation can affect the results [5].…”

“…In FA, differences in factor extraction method, predicted number of factors and method for factor rotation can affect the results [5]. In particular, we used the scree test [6] in our previous study [4] to predict a number of factors for FA, which may have resulted in too many or too few factors [7,8]. The 41 items that were not selected in the previous study included four factors.…”