Development of the Romanian Radar Sensor for Space Surveillance and Tracking Activities

Ionescu, Liviu; Rusu-Casandra, Alexandru; Bîră, Călin; Tatomirescu, Alexandru; Tramandan, Ionut; Scagnoli, Roberto; Istriteanu, Dan; Popa, Andrei-Edward

doi:10.3390/s22093546

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Recently, there has been a rise in the demand for satellite services primarily driven by the necessity for worldwide broadcasting and the establishment of networks for sharing data information [1][2][3]. These networks include digital radio, television, and broadband internet services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-Angle Beam Steering Closed-Form Pillbox Antenna Fed by Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Horn for On-the-Move Satellite Communications

Ikram,

Sultan,

Mobashsher

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Wide-angle mechanical beam steering for on-the-move satellite communications is presented in this paper based on a closed-form pillbox antenna system. It includes three main parts: a fixed-feed part, which is a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) horn with an extended aperture attached to a parabolic reflector; a novel quasi-optical system, which is a single coupling slot alongside and without spacing from the parabolic reflector; and a radiating disc, which is a leaky-wave metallic pattern. To make the antenna compact, pillbox-based feeding is implemented underneath the metallic patterns. The antenna is designed based on a substrate-guided grounded concept using leaky-wave metallic patterns operating at 20 GHz. Beam scanning is achieved using mechanical rotation of the leaky-wave metallic patterns. The proposed antenna has an overall size of 340 × 335 × 2 mm3, a gain of 23.2 dBi, wide beam scanning range of 120°, from −60° to +60° in the azimuthal plane, and a low side lobe level of −17.8 dB at a maximum scan angle of 60°. The proposed antenna terminal is suitable for next-generation ubiquitous connectivity for households and small businesses in remote areas, ships, unmanned aerial vehicles, and disaster management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-Angle Beam Steering Closed-Form Pillbox Antenna Fed by Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Horn for On-the-Move Satellite Communications

Ikram,

Sultan,

Mobashsher

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…This radar system’s transmitter works in the P-band, operating at 410–415 MHz, able to capture low Earth orbit (LEO) RSOs in beam parking mode or tracking mode. Another example is the recently developed CHEIA SST Radar, a Romanian system leveraging existing parabolic antennas, aimed at strengthening the European Union Space Surveillance and Tracking (EU SST) effort [ 3 ]. This C-band radar system operates in the 3.6–6.4 GHz range, also able to track RSOs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric Night Sky Imaging Payload for Space Situational Awareness (SSA)

Kunalakantha,

Baires,

Dave

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Space situational awareness (SSA) refers to collecting, analyzing, and keeping track of detailed knowledge of resident space objects (RSOs) in the space environment. With the rapidly increasing number of objects in space, the need for SSA grows as well. Traditional methods rely heavily on imaging RSOs from large, narrow field-of-view (FOV), ground-based telescopes. This research outlines the technology demonstration payload, Resident Space Object Near-space Astrometric Research (RSONAR)—a star tracker-like, wide FOV camera combined with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware to image RSOs from the stratosphere, overcoming the disadvantages of ground-based observations. The hardware components and software algorithm are described and evaluated. The eligibility of the payload for SSA is proven by the image processing algorithms, which detect the RSOs in the images captured during flight and the survival of the COTS components in the near-space environment. The payload features a low-resolution, wide FOV camera coupled with a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based platform that houses the altitude and time-based image capture algorithm. The newly developed payload in a 2U-CubeSat form factor was flown as a space-ready payload on the CSA/CNES stratospheric balloon research platform to carry out algorithm and functionality tests in August 2022.

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“…An overview of existing space surveillance radars for tracking and imaging can be found in [4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. According to the public available information the known satellite imaging radars, like the HUSIR and TIRA systems as an example, use large dish antennas in a monostatic imaging geometry [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This architecture enables the implementation of flexible, as well as, precise calibration and error correction procedures required for very high spatial resolution image processing. Furthermore, this architecture, together with fully digital signal generation, allows arbitrary transmit signals, which is unique in the field of SSA regarding publicly available information [4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of satellites in space

Anger,

Jirousek,

Dill

et al. 2023

IET Radar Sonar & Navi

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In view of the increasing number of space objects, comprehensive high‐quality space surveillance becomes ever more important. Radar is a powerful tool that, in addition to detection and tracking of objects, also enables spatially high‐resolution imaging independent of daylight and most weather conditions. Together with the technique of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), very high‐resolution and distance‐independent two‐dimensional images can be obtained. However, advanced high‐performance radar imaging of space objects is a complex and demanding task, touching many technological and signal processing issues. Therefore, besides theoretical work, the Microwaves and Radar Institute of German Aerospace Center (DLR) has developed and constructed an experimental radar system called IoSiS (Imaging of Satellites in Space) for basic research on new concepts for the acquisition of advanced high‐resolution radar image products of objects in a low earth orbit. Based on pulse radar technology, which enables precise calibration and error correction, IoSiS has imaged space objects with a spatial resolution in the centimetre range, being novel in public perception and accessible literature. The goal of this paper is therefore to communicate and illustrate comprehensively the technological steps for the construction and successful operation of advanced radar‐based space surveillance. Besides the basic description of the IoSiS system design this paper outlines primarily useful theory for ISAR imaging of objects in space, together with relevant imaging parameters and main formulae. All relevant processing steps, necessary for very high‐resolution imaging of satellites in practice, are introduced and verified by simulation results. Finally, a unique measurement result demonstrates the practicability of the introduced processing steps and error correction strategies.

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Development of the Romanian Radar Sensor for Space Surveillance and Tracking Activities

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Wide-Angle Beam Steering Closed-Form Pillbox Antenna Fed by Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Horn for On-the-Move Satellite Communications

Wide-Angle Beam Steering Closed-Form Pillbox Antenna Fed by Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Horn for On-the-Move Satellite Communications

Stratospheric Night Sky Imaging Payload for Space Situational Awareness (SSA)

High‐resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of satellites in space

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