Development of the specialist menopause pharmacist (SMP) role within a research framework

Abstract

Using an action research approach, and combining qualitative and quantitative methods to complement data collection, it was possible to assess the specialist pharmacist role in depth.

Radio frequency responsive nano-biomaterials for cancer therapy

“…Since the RF waves are far below the electronic resonance frequencies for Au-NPs, which are typically in the IR visible spectrum, the capacitive coupling to the RF field subjugates the movement of charge through NPs. Hence, the amount of generated Joule heat by each of the Au-NPs under RF oscillations can be squarely determined by considering Au-NPs as conductors of the constant cross section [48,49]. The basics of the RF heating of Au-NPs, as mentioned above, is the size much smaller than the wavelength of incident light.…”

Action Research: a valuable research technique for service delivery development

“…It has been suggested that action research methodology should be used more often within nursing research 14 as practice is within daily dynamically changing, social settings. These aspects are contextually relevant to the changes occurring within the multi-disciplinary, health professional team setting that offer outpatient patient services over the duration of study reporting the specialist pharmacist model 11 . The specialist pharmacist role evolved within a district general hospital setting that was responding to National Health Service changes in the UK 15 , with the establishment of shadow primary care groups in 1998 and primary care groups from April 1999.…”

“…Action Research 7,8 has been used extensively within educational and nursing research for service development. It is a research technique that has also been used within pharmaceutical care research [9][10][11] , typically involving collaborative working between researchers and pharmacist practitioners who engage in study phases of action implementation and evaluation, which are carefully recorded to enable repetition by other researchers. Within the study reporting the development of the role of a specialist pharmacist 11 , the initial 'fact finding' stage 12 is used to inform ongoing research study strategy.…”

“…It is a research technique that has also been used within pharmaceutical care research [9][10][11] , typically involving collaborative working between researchers and pharmacist practitioners who engage in study phases of action implementation and evaluation, which are carefully recorded to enable repetition by other researchers. Within the study reporting the development of the role of a specialist pharmacist 11 , the initial 'fact finding' stage 12 is used to inform ongoing research study strategy. This enables investigation of the possible remit of the role, with ongoing evaluation encompassing the action research cycle of observation, reflection and planning, implementation of action as the intervention, evaluation and moving to the next stage of planning.…”

Convergence of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: time to individualise pharmaceutical care

“…These findings facilitated the design of this feasibility study. Action research [22,23] methodology was used as it provides the flexibility needed in research that aimed to bring change [24] and it has been used within pharmaceutical care research [25,26].…”