Development of the thymus and Peyer's patches in the first year of life in red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Dobson, Brooke Julie; Mackintosh, C.G.; Griffin, J.F.T.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.04.014

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…1). We found that when germ-free piglets are colonized, the fetal type of lymphocyte distribution shifts to the adult type so that the proportion of B cells increases in IPP but decreases in JPP, similar to what is found in sheep (8,10), calves (51), goats (52), deer (53), and swine (3). The switch from the fetal to the adult type of lymphocyte distribution in the IPP and JPP can be induced by monoassociation with E. coli strain G58-1 as well as with the defined commensal gut floral mixture (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Major factors in maintaining the paradigm regarding the role of the IPP have been time and technology so that a collection of observations became "institutionalized" into a paradigm that continues to be perpetuated in other articles and reviews (2,13,15,16,50,52,53). This perpetuation took place during a period in which the focus of basic immunology shifted almost entirely to the mouse, so there was little research to challenge paradigms established years ago in nonmurine species.…”

Section: Cd21mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ileal Peyer’s Patches Are Not Necessary for Systemic B Cell Development and Maintenance and Do Not Contribute Significantly to the Overall B Cell Pool in Swine

Šinkora

Štěpánová

Butler

et al. 2011

The Journal of Immunology

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Based on studies of sheep, ileal Peyer’s patches (IPP) have been regarded as a type of primary lymphoid tissue similar to the bursa of Fabricius in chicken. Because bursectomy results in B cell deficiency, we wondered whether resection of the IPP of piglets would have a similar effect. Comparison of IPP-resected, surgical shams and untreated germ-free piglets, all of which were later colonized with a defined commensal flora, demonstrated that resection of the IPP did not alter the level and phenotype of B and T cells in lymphoid tissues and the blood 10 wk after surgery. Additionally, colonization of IPP caused a shift from the fetal type of lymphocyte distribution to the adult type that is characterized by prevalence of B cells, with many of them representing IgA+ switched B cells or displaying a more mature CD2−CD21+ and CD2−CD21− phenotype. Moreover, colonization leads to appearance of effector CD4+CD8+ αβ T helper and CD2+CD8− γδ T cells. Comparison of germ-free with colonized pigs and experiments utilizing surgical transposition of jejunal Peyer’s patch into terminal ileum or construction of isolated ileal loops indicated that lymphocyte development in IPP is dependent on colonization. Although our studies confirmed higher mitotic and apoptotic rates in IPP, they failed to identify any cell populations that resemble developing B lineage cells in the bone marrow. These results indicate that porcine IPP are not required for systemic B cell generation or maintenance, but they are secondary lymphoid tissue that appears important in immune responses to colonizing bacteria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Cd21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ileal Peyer’s Patches Are Not Necessary for Systemic B Cell Development and Maintenance and Do Not Contribute Significantly to the Overall B Cell Pool in Swine

Šinkora

Štěpánová

Butler

et al. 2011

The Journal of Immunology

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“…There were not many changes observed in the arrangement of jejunal Peyer’s patches with increasing age. Similar finding was made in 6-month-old red deer [ 17 ]. The villous epithelium in jejunum was reduced due to epithelial degeneration at this stage; therefore few cells were strongly positive for acidic mucopolysaccharides, whereas center of lymphoid nodules was weakly positive for it ( Figure-12 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, the interfollicular region was wider in jejunum at this stage as compared to ileum ( Figure-2 ). A similar finding was reported in 1-1.5 months old pigs [ 16 ] and in red deer [ 17 ]. Lymph vessels extended from these arches in interfollicular space.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Only the ileal Peyer’s patch regressed to small scattered follicles in older pigs [ 24 ] and the reduction in size of ileal follicles was observed in adult dogs [ 25 ] and in Bactrian camel [ 26 ] also, after 5 years of age. Similarly in red deer, from 6 months of age, the ileal Peyer’s patch follicles began to round up, the interfollicular area in ileal Peyer’s patch also increased and resembled the morphology of the jejunal Peyer’s patch [ 17 ]. At this age, jejunal follicles were also seen in single layer with round, square and elliptical shaped follicles protruding in epithelium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ileal and jejunal Peyer’s patches in buffalo calves: Histomorphological comparison

Kapoor¹,

Singh²

2015

Vet World

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Aim:The present study was aimed to elucidate the histomorphology of ileal and jejunal Peyer’s patches in the small intestine of buffalo calves and their structural comparison.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on neonatal (n=10) and pre-pubertal (n=10) buffalo calves. The age of the postnatal buffalo calves was estimated by their temporary and permanent dentition.Results:The study revealed that several layers of oval to elongate elliptical lymphoid follicles were observed in submucosa on the anti-mesenteric side in the ileum of early neonatal calves. However, the follicles at this age, in jejunum were of all shapes present within one layer. The interfollicular space was occupied by the interfollicular tissue, which was diffuse and wider around jejunal lymphoid follicles as compared to ileal lymphoid follicles. However, toward the pubertal stage, the number of layers of lymphoid follicles was reduced in ileum due to involution while it remained similar in number in jejunum at this stage.Conclusion:The ileal Peyer’s patches were found to have started involution more or less around reaching puberty, whereas the jejunal Peyer’s patches appear to be functional throughout the lifespan of the animal.

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The enigma of the lower gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

Butler

Šinkora

2013

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Artiodactyls possess GALT that appears in fetal life and is located at the extreme end of the ileum. These IPP contain mostly B cells and involute early in postnatal life. Rabbits have a similarly located lymphoid organ, called the sacculus rotundus. Studies in sheep and rabbits have led to the concept that the lower hindgut GALT represents primary lymphoid tissue for B cells and is necessary for normal B cell development, analogous to the bursa of Fabricius. This review traces the history of the observations and theories that have led to the existing concept concerning the role of lower GALT. We then review recent data from piglets with resected IPP that challenges the concept that the IPP is primary B cell lymphoid tissue and that artiodactyls and rabbits are members of the GALT group in the same context as gallinaceous birds. Eliminating the IPP as the primary lymphoid tissue for B cells leads to the hypothesis that the IPP acts as first-responder mucosal lymphoid tissue.

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Development of the thymus and Peyer's patches in the first year of life in red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Ileal Peyer’s Patches Are Not Necessary for Systemic B Cell Development and Maintenance and Do Not Contribute Significantly to the Overall B Cell Pool in Swine

Ileal Peyer’s Patches Are Not Necessary for Systemic B Cell Development and Maintenance and Do Not Contribute Significantly to the Overall B Cell Pool in Swine

Ileal and jejunal Peyer’s patches in buffalo calves: Histomorphological comparison

The enigma of the lower gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

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