Development of the tympanal organ in larvae of the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria)

Michel, Katrin; Petersen, Marlen

doi:10.1007/bf00213864

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Ligament scolopales are only those in the ligament attaching to the tympanumgenerally the easiest and most consistent counts. No data were collected pattern seen in acridids (Michel and Petersen, 1982;Petersen et al, 1982;Boyan, 1983) but is quite different from that reported for crickets (Ball and Young, 1974;Ball and Hill, 1978;Ball et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Among the tympanate insects with incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolous), locust auditory development has received the most attention (Michel and Petersen, 1982;Petersen et al, 1982;Boyan, 1983;Breckow and Sippel, 1985;Meier and Reichert, 1990) followed by that of crickets (Ball and Young, 1974;Ball and Cowan, 1978;Ball and Hill, 1978;Ball et al, 1989) and tettigoniids (Meier and Reichert, 1990). No comparable published reports currently exist for insects with complete metamorphosis (holometabolous).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…All of the auditory sensillae are present and are organized in an adult pattern at hatching (Michel and Petersen, 1982;Meier and Reichert, 19901, and a clear auditory neuropil is present by the third instar, when sensitivity to sound first appears . The development of the tympanum and associated cuticular structures is progressive, however, and parallels the increase in sensitivity recorded in the auditory nerve of nymphs (Michel and Petersen, 1982;Breckow and Sippel, 1985). Activity in identified auditory interneurons appears with the same time course as activity in the tympanal nerve (Boyan, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nymphal development of the auditory system in the praying mantisHierodula membranacea Burmeister (Dictyoptera, Mantidae)

Yager

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Like other praying mantises, Hierodula membranacea has a single midline ear on the ventral surface of the metathorax. The ear comprises a deep groove with two tympana forming the walls. A tympanal organ on each side contains 30-40 scolopophorous sensillae with axons that terminate in the metathoracic ganglion in neuropil that does not match the auditory neuropil of other insects. Nymphal development of the mantis ear proceeds in three major stages: 1) The tympanal organ is completely formed with a full complement of sensillae before hatching; 2) the infolding and rotations that form the deep groove are completed primarily over the first half of nymphal development; and 3) over the last five instars (of ten), the tympana thicken and broaden to their adult size and shape, and the impedance-matching tracheal sacs also enlarge and move to become tightly apposed to the inner surfaces of the tympana. Auditory sensitivity gradually increases beginning with the fifth instar and closely parallels tympanum and tracheal sac growth. Late instar nymphs have auditory thresholds of 70-80 dB sound pressure level (SPL). Appropriate connections of afferents to a functional interneuronal system are clearly present by the eighth instar and possibly much earlier. The pattern of auditory system ontogeny in the mantis is similar to that in locusts and in noctuid moths, but it differs from crickets. In evolutionary terms, it is significant that the metathoracic anatomy of newly hatched mantis nymphs matches very closely the anatomy of the homologous regions in adult cockroaches, which are closely related to mantises but are without tympanal hearing, and in mantises that are thought to be primitively deaf.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

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confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

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Nymphal development of the auditory system in the praying mantisHierodula membranacea Burmeister (Dictyoptera, Mantidae)

Yager

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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“…After the locust emerges as an adult, some cuticle features continue to harden and sclerotize (Uvarov, 1966). The locust ear is not fully developed until it reaches its adult form (Michel and Petersen, 1982). Additionally, the maturation period of females varies with environmental condition; for example, lush versus dry plants affect the time that Schistocerca gregaria take to lay their first egg pod with a range of 33 to 54 days, respectively (Uvarov, 1966).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hearing ability decreases in aging locusts

Gordon

Windmill

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Insects display signs of ageing, despite their short lifespan. However, the limited studies on senescence emphasize longevity or reproduction. We focused on the hearing ability of ageing adult locusts, Schistocerca gregaria. Our results indicate that the youngest adults (2 weeks post-maturity) have a greater overall neurophysiological response to sound, especially for low frequencies (<10 kHz), as well as a shorter latency to this neural response. Interestingly, when measuring displacement of the tympanal membrane that the receptor neurons directly attach to, we found movement is not directly correlated with neural response. Therefore, we suggest the enhanced response in younger animals is due to the condition of their tissues (e.g. elasticity). Secondly, we found the sexes do not have the same responses, particularly at 4 weeks postadult moult. We propose female reproductive condition reduces their ability to receive sounds. Overall our results indicate older animals, especially females, are less sensitive to sounds.

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“…These changes in connectivity provide a mechanism to maintain interneuron response properties through different instars, which is needed because the number of hair sensilla increases by as much as a factor of 10 from hatching to adulthood and because the mechanical properties alter as the size of individual sensilla increases (Anderson and Bacon, 1979;Newland et al, 1995;Pflüger et al, 1994). In contrast, the locust ear already has the adult complement of auditory receptors at hatching (Michel and Petersen, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looming detection by identified visual interneurons during larval development of the locust,Locusta migratoria

Simmons

Sztarker

Rind

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYInsect larvae clearly react to visual stimuli, but the ability of any visual neuron in a newly hatched insect to respond selectively to particular stimuli has not been directly tested. We characterised a pair of neurons in locust larvae that have been extensively studied in adults, where they are known to respond selectively to objects approaching on a collision course: the lobula giant motion detector (LGMD) and its postsynaptic partner, the descending contralateral motion detector (DCMD). Our physiological recordings of DCMD axon spikes reveal that at the time of hatching, the neurons already respond selectively to objects approaching the locust and they discriminate between stimulus approach speeds with differences in spike frequency. For a particular approaching stimulus, both the number and peak frequency of spikes increase with instar. In contrast, the number of spikes in responses to receding stimuli decreases with instar, so performance in discriminating approaching from receding stimuli improves as the locust goes through successive moults. In all instars, visual movement over one part of the visual field suppresses a response to movement over another part. Electron microscopy demonstrates that the anatomical substrate for the selective response to approaching stimuli is present in all larval instars: small neuronal processes carrying information from the eye make synapses both onto LGMD dendrites and with each other, providing pathways for lateral inhibition that shape selectivity for approaching objects.

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Development of the tympanal organ in larvae of the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria)

Cited by 29 publications

References 1 publication

Nymphal development of the auditory system in the praying mantisHierodula membranacea Burmeister (Dictyoptera, Mantidae)

Nymphal development of the auditory system in the praying mantisHierodula membranacea Burmeister (Dictyoptera, Mantidae)

Hearing ability decreases in aging locusts

Looming detection by identified visual interneurons during larval development of the locust,Locusta migratoria

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