Development of three quantitative real-time PCR assays for the detection of Rickettsia raoultii, Rickettsia slovaca, and Rickettsia aeschlimannii and their validation with ticks from the country of Georgia and the Republic of Azerbaijan

Jiang, Ju; You, Brian J.; Liu, Evan; Apte, Anisha; Yarina, Tamasin; Myers, Todd E.; Lee, John S.; Francesconi, Stephen C.; O’Guinn, Monica L.; Tsertsvadze, Nikoloz; Vephkhvadze, Nino; Babuadze, Giorgi; Sidamonidze, Ketevan; Kokhreidze, Maka; Donduashvili, Marina; Onashvili, Tinatin; Ismayilov, Afrail; Agayev, Nigar; Aliyev, Mubariz; Muttalibov, Nizam; Richards, Allen L.

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.10.004

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…9). These bacteria have been found in Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in a great majority of European countries, with a high percentage of ticks infected with these bacteria (208,(280)(281)(282)(283)(284)(285)(286)(287)(288)(289)(290). Dermacentor ticks usually bite hairy domestic and wild animals (291).…”

Section: Tick-borne Rickettsiae In Europe Species Identified As Pathomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No cases of R. aeschlimannii infection in Asia have yet been reported. This species is thought to be associated mostly with Hyalomma species ticks in Africa, Europe, and Asia, where it was identified in H. punctata ticks in Kazakhstan (120) and H. sulcata ticks in Georgia (290). It was also detected in Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma detritum ticks in Israel (435).…”

Section: Tick-borne Rickettsiae In Asia Species Identified As Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia . These zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. However, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. Several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that were considered nonpathogenic for decades are now associated with human infections, and novel Rickettsia species of undetermined pathogenicity continue to be detected in or isolated from ticks around the world. This remarkable expansion of information has been driven largely by the use of molecular techniques that have facilitated the identification of novel and previously recognized rickettsiae in ticks. New approaches, such as swabbing of eschars to obtain material to be tested by PCR, have emerged in recent years and have played a role in describing emerging tick-borne rickettsioses. Here, we present the current knowledge on tick-borne rickettsiae and rickettsioses using a geographic approach toward the epidemiology of these diseases.

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Section: Tick-borne Rickettsiae In Europe Species Identified As Pathomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tick-borne Rickettsiae In Asia Species Identified As Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

et al. 2013

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“…The presence of R. helvetica was evaluated by amplifying a 65-bp fragment of the 23 rRNA gene as reported (Boretti et al, 2009). The detection methods for R. raoultii and R. slovaca were based on amplifying 107-bp and 129-bp fragments of the outer membrane protein B (ompB) gene, respectively, as reported (Jiang et al, 2012). Both of these tests have 98.8-100% sensitivities and specificities, therefore prevalence data were used uncorrected (Reiczigel et al, 2010).…”

Section: Molecular Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonally biased or single-habitat sampling is not informative on the real prevalence of Dermacentor reticulatus-borne rickettsiae — A pilot study

Hornok

Meli

Gönczi

et al. 2017

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Dermacentor reticulatus is a tick species of high medical and veterinary importance, emerging in several parts of Europe. Up to now most studies focusing on zoonotic rickettsiae in D. reticulatus were based on ticks collected in a limited part of the questing period, and did not take into account the potential seasonal variations in the rate of infection with tick-borne rickettsiae. The aim of the present study was to investigate the latter phenomenon, i.e. to screen D. reticulatus adults, collected monthly in two urban habitats of Budapest, for the presence of three zoonotic Rickettsia spp. Altogether 852 D. reticulatus adults were collected, which showed significantly similar seasonal activity in the two evaluated habitats. Among the 413 molecularly analysed ticks, R. helvetica-infected D. reticulatus were only collected during autumn in habitat-1, in contrast to habitat-2. The overall prevalence of R. raoultii in D. reticulatus adults was significantly higher in habitat-1 than in habitat-2. In addition, the seasonal distribution of R. raoultiiinfected ticks was different between the two habitats (in habitat-2 significantly more R. raoultii-infected ticks were collected in the autumn, in comparison with winter and spring). Rickettsia slovaca was not detected in any of the molecularly analysed ticks. The results clearly indicate that a single-time or seasonally biased collection of D. reticulatus adults and their subsequent molecular analysis may not be informative on the real prevalence of rickettsiae. This is because the availability/activity of infected ticks shows significant seasonal fluctuations, both within and between habitats. Instead, for screening D. reticulatus-borne rickettsiae, it is important to collect monthly samples and then to assess seasonal prevalence and actual habitat-associated eco-epidemiological risks.

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“…slovaca and R. raoultii are two closely related Rickettsia spp. that are found in many European countries and the major vectors of these bacteria are Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks as a high percentage of these ticks have been reported to be infected with these bacteria [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. In a study conducted in Spain, R. slovaca was reported to be 16% in the blood samples of sheep, over 21% in goats and cattle [6] while the bacterial DNA has also been detected in blood sample obtained from goat, thus suggesting the possibility of R. slovaca being haboured in domestic ruminants [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%