Development of tongue-playing in artificially reared calves: effects of offering a dummy-teat, feeding of short cut hay and housing system

Seo, Tetsuya; Sato, Shusei; Kosaka, Kimito; Sakamoto, Naoki; Tokumoto, Kiyoshi; Katoh, K.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(97)00078-6

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Along with oral manipulation of the pen, tongue playing is thought to stem from frustration resulting from limited chewing opportunity, whether feeding or rumination (Mattiello et al, 2002;Webb et al, 2012Webb et al, , 2013. Other studies have also suggested a link between tongue playing and sucking on a teat (Seo et al, 1998). The present study aimed to verify whether tongue playing was related to chewing or sucking, and a relationship to both of these motivations was found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The role of solid feed amount and composition and of milk replacer supply in veal calf welfare

Webb

Reenen

Berends

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Diets used in veal production were linked with welfare problems: that is, behavioral and gastrointestinal health disorders. This study aimed to determine how indicators of calf welfare, that is, behavior and some characteristics of the feces reflecting gastrointestinal health status, are affected by (1) different amounts and compositions of solid feed (SF), (2) the addition of ad libitum long straw to a typical veal diet, and (3) milk replacer (MR) being fed via automated milk dispensers (AMD). Two-week-old Holstein-Friesian bull calves (n=270) were used in this study. In a 4×2 factorial design, 32 pens (5 calves per pen) were allocated to different levels of SF (SF1, SF2, SF3, or SF4) and roughage-to-concentrate ratios (20:80 or 50:50). The experimental period (13 to 29wk of age) was preceded by an adaptation period (3 to 12wk of age). Targeted total dry matter (DM) intake from SF during the experimental period was 20 kg of DM for SF1, 100 kg of DM for SF2, 180 kg of DM for SF3, and 260 kg of DM for SF4. The roughage part of the SF was 50% maize silage and 50% chopped wheat straw (on a DM basis). Ten additional pens were allocated to 2 treatments with ad libitum SF, with either (1) SF components in separate troughs (SEP) or (2) SF components mixed, with the composition being equal to the choice of SEP calves in the preceding week (MIX). Another 4 pens were fitted with racks filled with long wheat straw (STR) and fed SF2 with a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 20:80. All the aforementioned pens received MR in buckets. Finally, 8 pens were allocated to 1 of 2 SF levels: SF1 or SF2 (with a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 50:50) and fed MR via an AMD. Milk replacer provision was adjusted every 2wk to achieve similar rates of carcass gain across treatments (excluding SEP, MIX, and STR). Behavior was recorded at 15 and 24wk using instantaneous scan sampling. The prevalence of diarrhea and clay-like feces, which signal ruminal drinking, was monitored at 14 and 25wk. More roughage, but not concentrate, increased rumination and decreased tongue playing. The STR calves had higher rumination and lower abnormal behavior levels compared with calves without ad libitum straw. Offering MR via an AMD reduced tongue playing at 15wk. Tongue playing frequency was related to both roughage amount and AMD feeding, suggesting 2 separate motivations (i.e., rumination and sucking) underlying the development of this behavior. Only SF amount affected aspects of feces: SF1 calves had the highest diarrhea incidence. No effect of diet was found on clay-like feces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The role of solid feed amount and composition and of milk replacer supply in veal calf welfare

Webb

Reenen

Berends

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…More than 30% of the JB steers kept in stalls were reported to perform tongue playing (Sato et al, 1991). It has also been reported that tongue playing, grooming, and other behaviors with tongue movement appeared more for the calves raised in individual pens than for the calves raised in group pens (Seo et al, 1998). In tethered dairy cows, there were some reports that restrictive allowance of roughage and restricted feeding of a diet with high levels of concentrate increased oral stereotypies (Redbo et al, 1996;Redbo & Nordlad, 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is little documentation of abnormal oral behavior in steers (Sato, Nagamine, & Kubo, 1994) versus calves (Margerison, Preston, Berry, & Phillips, 2003;Kerr & Wood-Gush, 1987;Seo et al, 1998) and dairy cows (Redbo, 1990(Redbo, , 1992(Redbo, , 1993Redbo, Emanuelson, Lundberg, & Oredsson, 1996;Redbo & Nordblad, 1997). The reason is that restricted feeding and housing are a common practice for calves and cows, leading to more abnormal oral behavior.…”

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confidence: 99%

Oral Behaviors of Beef Steers in Pen and Pasture Environments

Ishiwata

Uetake

Kilgour

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science

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This study observed the behavioral characteristics of 122 steers in eight pens and 1,136 steers at six pastures. Nonhuman animals kept in pens performed less nutritive oral behaviors and more nonnutritive oral behaviors than animals kept at pasture. Although these could not be described as stereotypies, they did represent a replacement of nutritive oral behaviors by nonnutritive oral behaviors, rather than simply an increase in resting time. This could be indicative of a level of oral frustration. At pasture, there was a greater proportion of oral behaviors in animals with low pasture availability as compared to high availability, but this was an increase in nutritive oral behaviors rather than nonnutritive oral behaviors. Factors other than oral frustration--for example, rumen fill--probably drove this increase.

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“…This suggested that this treatment did not suppress the motivation for hay eating and, as a result, the eating need was satisfied by eating the bedding. Seo et al . (1998) reported that a short cut‐hay experiment elevated the plasma level of ACTH and cortisol in growing calves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feeding methods on eating frustration in stabled horses

Ninomiya

Kusunose

Sato

et al. 2004

Animal Science Journal

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Five feeding methods were tested in stabled horses: (i) cutting hay (hay was cut into 5 cm lengths), (ii) delaying feeding time (feeding was delayed until 1 h after the usual time), (iii) increasing the feeding frequency (hay was divided into two portions; one half was given at the normal time and the other 1 h later), (iv) increasing the feeding locations (hay was available at three locations), and (v) increasing the hay varieties (three species of hay were used). The behavioral durations in the 2 h after the experimental feedings were compared with those after usual feeding. In the cutting hay treatment, hayeating time decreased (P < 0.05), whereas bedding-eating time and resting time tended to increase. In the delaying feeding time treatment, bedding investigation time increased (P < 0.01) and hay-eating time tended to increase. In the increasing the feeding frequency treatment, hay-eating time tended to increase. In the increasing the feeding locations treatment, bedding investigation time tended to decrease. In the increasing the hay varieties treatment, resting time tended to decrease and hay-eating time tended to increase. It was suggested that the former two feeding methods might stimulate and the latter three feeding methods might suppress eating frustration in terms of increasing consummatory behavior (eating) and decreasing appetitive (investigating) and displacement behavior (resting).

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Development of tongue-playing in artificially reared calves: effects of offering a dummy-teat, feeding of short cut hay and housing system

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

The role of solid feed amount and composition and of milk replacer supply in veal calf welfare

The role of solid feed amount and composition and of milk replacer supply in veal calf welfare

Oral Behaviors of Beef Steers in Pen and Pasture Environments

Effects of feeding methods on eating frustration in stabled horses

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