Development of Toughened Flax Fiber Reinforced Composites. Modification of Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends by Reactive Extrusion Process

Andrzejewski, Jacek; Nowakowski, Michał

doi:10.3390/ma14061523

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…A Teflon ® sheet was applied in between the polymer and the hot plate during this operation to avoid the adhesion of the film to the plate. The average areal fibres density used in the prepregs was 250 ± 20 g/m 2 [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Bamboo Fibre Prepreg Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Bambusa Oldhamii and Yushania-Alpina Bamboo Fibres Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

et al. 2022

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The current studies aim to measure the mechanical strength based on age, harvesting season and bamboo species in Ethiopia. The bamboo fibres are extracted using a roll milling machine, which was developed by the author. The age groups (1, 2 and 3 years), harvesting months (February and November), and bamboo species (Yushania alpina and Bambusa oldhamii) are the parameters of the current research studies. Prepregs and composites were produced from bamboo fibres and polypropylene. The mechanical properties of bamboo fibres and their composites in Ethiopia have not been investigated by researchers for the composite application so far. The tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and impact strength of injibara (Y. alpina) bamboo fibres reinforced PP composites from the ages of 1– 3 years old in November is 111 ± 9–125 ± 8 MPa, 15 ± 0.9–25 ± 0.72 GPa, and 47 ± 5 KJ/m2–57 ± 6 KJ/m2, whereas, in February, it is 86 ± 3.86–116 ± 10 MPa, 11 ± 0.71–23 ± 1.5 GPa, and 34 ± 4–52 ± 6 KJ/m2, respectively. Moreover, Kombolcha (B. oldhamii), bamboo fibres reinforced PP composites in November are 93 ± 7–111 ± 8 MPa, 7 ± 0.51–17 ± 2.56 GPa, and 39 ± 4–44 ± 5 KJ/m2, whereas, in February, it is 60 ± 5–104 ± 10 MPa, 12 ± 0.95–14 ± 0.92 GPa, and 26 ± 3 KJ/m2–38 ± 4 KJ/m2, respectively. Furthermore, Mekaneselam (Y. alpina) bamboo fibres reinforced PP composites in November are 99 ± 8–120 ± 11 MPa, 9 ± 0.82–16 ± 1.85 GPa, and 37 ± 4 KJ/m2–46 ± 5 KJ/m2, whereas, in February, it is 91 ± 8–110 ± 9 MPa, 8 ± 0.75–14 ± 1.86 GPa, and 34 ± 3 KJ/m2–40 ± 4 KJ/m2, respectively. At two years, November and Injibara bamboo have recorded the highest mechanical properties in the current research studies. Bamboo fiber strength in Ethiopia is comparable to the previous study of bamboo fibres and glass fibres used for composite materials in the automotive industry.

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Section: Bamboo Fibre Prepreg Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Bambusa Oldhamii and Yushania-Alpina Bamboo Fibres Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

et al. 2022

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“…Interestingly, the addition of reactive compatibilizers also improves the fiber-matrix interface interactions for composites [33,34], especially for materials with the addition of the lignocellulosic fillers [35,36]. Our previous research on PLA/PBAT systems aimed to indicate the improvement of wettability of flax fibers with the addition of CE [37]. Due to hydroxyl groups presence on the surface of the natural fibers, it is possible to obtain a permanent connection with CE epoxy groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Agricultural Waste in the Modification of Poly(lactic acid)-Based Composites Intended for 3D Printing Applications. The Use of Toughened Blend Systems to Improve Mechanical Properties

et al. 2021

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The presented research focused on improving the mechanical properties of PLA-based composites reinforced with buckwheat husks (BH) particles. The research work was carried out in two stages. Firstly, the blend was prepared with the addition of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and thermoplastic starch (TPS), manufactured by injection molding technique, then the selected materials were prepared with the addition of BH filler, and the samples were prepared using the fused deposition modeling method (FDM). All samples were subjected to the assessment of material properties. Thermal and thermomechanical properties were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) and dynamic thermal mechanical analysis (DMTA). Mechanical characteristic was evaluated using static tensile and flexural measurements and Charpy impact resistance tests. The research was supplemented with scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM). It was found that the addition of PBAT and TPS greatly improves impact strength and elongation, especially with the addition of reactive compatibilizer. As expected, TPS, PBAT, and BH reduced the stiffness of the composites during DMTA testing. The presence of BH particles in the polymer matrix was observed to improve the crystallization behavior of PLA. The optimal content of BH filler in the composite was found to be 10%, which allowed to preserve good mechanical properties.

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“…Previous studies in this area confirmed that PLA-based composites are able to withstand prolonged exposure to high temperatures. However, the investigated samples were usually prepared by compression molding or annealing [ 83 , 84 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New Type of Flame Retarded Biocomposite Reinforced with a Biocarbon/Basalt Fiber System: A Comparative Study between Poly(lactic Acid) and Polypropylene

Andrzejewski

Michałowski

2022

Polymers

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A new type of partially biobased reinforcing filler system was developed in order to be used as a flame retardant for polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene (PP)-based composites. The prepared materials intended for injection technique processing were melt blended using the novel system containing ammonium polyphosphate (EX), biocarbon (BC), and basalt fibers (BF). All of the prepared samples were subjected to a detailed analysis. The main criterion was the flammability of composites. For PLA-based composites, the flammability was significantly reduced, up to V-0 class. The properties of PLA/EX/BC and PLA/EX/(BC-BF) composites were characterized by their improved mechanical properties. The conducted analysis indicates that the key factor supporting the effectiveness of EX flame retardants is the addition of BC, while the use of BF alone increases the flammability of the samples to the reference level. The results indicate that the developed materials can be easily applied in industrial practice as effective and sustainable flame retardants.

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Development of Toughened Flax Fiber Reinforced Composites. Modification of Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends by Reactive Extrusion Process

Cited by 29 publications

References 84 publications

Mechanical Properties of Bambusa Oldhamii and Yushania-Alpina Bamboo Fibres Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

Mechanical Properties of Bambusa Oldhamii and Yushania-Alpina Bamboo Fibres Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

The Use of Agricultural Waste in the Modification of Poly(lactic acid)-Based Composites Intended for 3D Printing Applications. The Use of Toughened Blend Systems to Improve Mechanical Properties

Development of a New Type of Flame Retarded Biocomposite Reinforced with a Biocarbon/Basalt Fiber System: A Comparative Study between Poly(lactic Acid) and Polypropylene

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