Development of ultrasound‐assisted centrifugal extraction combined with two countercurrent chromatography systems for the simultaneous extraction and isolation of phytochemicals

Abstract

We proposed a method for the extraction of medicinal herbs, called ultrasound‐assisted centrifugal extraction, and an online solvent concentration method. These techniques were coupled with two countercurrent chromatography systems and applied to the continuous extraction and online isolation of chemical constituents from Inonotus obliquus. Raw plants were extracted using a two‐phase petroleum–ethanol–water (2.0:1.0:2.0, v/v/v) process, and then the aqueous and organic phases were concentrated using the proposed online solvent concentrator. The countercurrent chromatography preparation prior to separation includes pumping of the two‐phase solution, rotating column, and equilibrium column. Following online concentration, the extracted solution was pumped into a second countercurrent chromatography process for separation. During separation, the extraction solution and concentrated extract were prepared automatically. Upon completion of the first cycle of ultrasound‐assisted centrifugal extraction/two countercurrent chromatography, the second cycle experiment starts. This process can be indefinitely repeated. In this study, six target compounds with purities above 97.71% were successfully extracted and isolated online using a two‐phase solvent system consisting of n‐hexane‐ethyl acetate‐acetonitrile (4.5:1.5:5.5, v/v/v) and n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (0.4:3.0:1.5:2.5, v/v/v/v). Compared to conventional extraction methods, the instrumental setup of the proposed method provides enhanced automation, efficiency, purity, and systematic extraction and isolation of natural products.

Recent Developments in Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) Polysaccharides: Isolation, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activities and Application

“…Among all the active components in Inonotus obliquus, Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides have the broadest biological activity, such as anticancer, hypoglycemic, antiinflammatory, and anti-oxidation effects [8,22,. Through the number of Scopusindexed publication numbers (archived until 15 March 2021) for polysaccharide bioactivity, Inonotus obliquus, Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide related articles, a certain degree of upward trend can be seen (Figure 1), which means that the medicinal value and health value of Inonotus obliquus have been widely recognized and affirmed [5,6,[62][63][64], making it worthwhile to review Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides. In this review, the extraction, purification methods, and the physiochemical and structural features of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides are summarized and discussed in detail; besides, the in vitro and in vivo evaluation and mechanisms of its bioactivities are summarized.…”

“…Among all the active components in Inonotus obliquus , Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides have the broadest biological activity, such as anticancer, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidation effects [ 8 , 22 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. Through the number of Scopus-indexed publication numbers (archived until 15 March 2021) for polysaccharide bioactivity, Inonotus obliquus , Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide related articles, a certain degree of upward trend can be seen ( Figure 1 ), which means that the medicinal value and health value of Inonotus obliquus have been widely recognized and affirmed [ 5 , 6 , 62 , 63 , 64 ], making it worthwhile to review Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides.…”

Development of a method to screen and isolate xanthine oxidase inhibitors from black bean in a single step: Hyphenation of semipreparative liquid chromatography and stepwise flow rate countercurrent chromatography

“…The most commonly used solvent systems for separating isoflavones via CCC comprise mixtures of ethyl acetate, methanol, n-butanol, n-hexane, and water [17]. The polarity of the solvent systems in this study was adjusted, as needed, according to the properties of the isoflavones in black beans.…”