Development of Visible Light-Responsive Sensitized Photocatalysts

Abstract

The paper presents a review of studies about the visible-light-promoted photodegradation of the contaminants and energy conversion with sensitized photocatalysts. Herein we studied mechanism, physical properties, and synergism effect of the sensitized photocatalysts as well as the method for enhancing the photosensitized effect. According to the reported studies in the literature, inorganic sensitizers, organic dyes, and coordination metal complexes were very effective sensitizers that were studied mostly, of which organic dyes photosensitization is the most widely studied modified method. Photosensitization is an important way to extend the excitation wavelength to the visible range, and therefore sensitized photocatalysts play an important role in the development of visible light-responsive photocatalysts for future industrialized applications. This paper mainly describes the types, modification, photocatalytic performance, application, and the developments of photosensitization for environmental application.

MnO2 AND MnO2/TiO2 MEDIATED, PERSULPHATE ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYSIS FOR THE REMOVAL OF INDIGO CARMINE DYE POLLUTANT FROM WATER

“…These include dye sensitization, semiconductor coupling, impurity doping, use of coordination metal complexes and metal deposition. 4,[10][11][12][13][14] Composites such as TiO2/carbon have also been reported. 15 Physical modification of TiO2 with small amounts of transition metal cations such as vanadium and chromium extends the absorption up to 550 nm and makes it active under UV as well as sunlight.…”

Photocatalytic Behavior of Water-Based Styrene-Acrylic Coatings Containing TiO2 Sensitized with Metal-Phthalocyanine Tetracarboxylic Acids

“…The irradiance of 30 ± 1 W/cm 2 was measured at the surface of the samples with a Delta OHM-HD 2302.0 Light-meter (Delta OHM Srl, Padova, Italy) equipped with LP 471 RAD radiometric probe for effective irradiance measurement in the spectral range 400-1050 nm. For comparison purposes, similar samples were irradiated in an ATLAS-Xenotest 150S+ apparatus (2200 W, Atlas Material testing Solutions, Mount Prospect, IL, USA), according to ISO 105-B02 [30] normal conditions (irradiance of 42 ± 2 W/cm 2 in the range 300-400 nm). During the photocatalytic experiments, the concentration of MB was measured from visible diffuse reflectance spectra and the degradation efficiency (%) was calculated from the most significant minimum of the reflectance spectrum using:…”

“…Phthalocyanines can be one of the most efficient and stable class of photosensitizers for TiO 2 photocatalysts operating under visible light irradiation, as some studies have already reported [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], but the anchoring groups that could bind them on the nanoparticles surface [30] decisively determine the overall efficiency. Studies related to the stability of several coupling functionalities, such as carboxyl, phosphate, sulfonate, acetyl, silyl, hydroxyl, or amino reveal that carboxyl groups exhibit a very good stability during photocatalytic processes [31].…”

Dye-Sensitized Photocatalytic Water Splitting and Sacrificial Hydrogen Generation: Current Status and Future Prospects

“…On the other hand, organic dyes are less toxic, low-cost, and can be used for large-scale dye sensitization processes. Several organic dyes such as Eosin Y, Rose Bengal, Merocyanine, Cresyl violet and Riboflavin have been employed for spectral sensitization of semiconductors photocatalysts [10,11]. .…”