Development of Visual Pattern Discrimination in the Fly Depends on Light Experience

Mimura, Keiichi

doi:10.1126/science.232.4746.83

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Mutations of the S h and eag genes (Kaplan and Trout, 1969) are known to increase excitability of both nerve and muscle cells and enhance synaptic transmission (Jan et al, 1977;Ganetzky and Wu, 1982, 1986. At the membrane level, Shmutants show various degrees of defects in the trandors - sient potassium current I, (Salkoff and Wyman, 198 1 ;Wu and Haugland, 1985 ) , and different eag mutants reduce several types of potassium currents (Wu, Ganetzky, Haugland, et al, 1983;Zhong and Wu, 199 1 ).…”

Section: Effects Of Action Potential Block and Enhanced Membrane Excimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this high degree of precision, both functional and morphological plasticity (Murphy, 1985;Palka, 1984;Mimura, 1986) have been observed in various invertebrate nervous systems, including that of Drosophilu (Technau, 1984;Kral andMeinertzhagen, 1989: Hirsch et al, 1990;Budnik, Zhong, and Wu, 1991;Corfas and Dudai, 1991;Zhong, Budnik, and Wu, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Development and maintenance of a simple reflex circuit in small‐patch mosaics of Drosophila: Effects of altered neuronal function and developmental arrest

et al. 1993

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A combined genetic, anatomical, and behavioral approach has been undertaken to study the developmental and functional plasticity of identified bristle mechanosensory neurons in Drosophila. A stereotyped grooming reflex in decapitated flies enabled simple but reliable assessments of the functional output of individual bristle sensory cells to correlate with their axonal projections and terminal arbors revealed by the cobalt backfill technique. Construction of small-patch mosaics that contain only a single mutant bristle allowed functional perturbation of individual neurons within an otherwise normal environment. Mutations that affect nerve excitability and membrane recycling have been used to examine their effects on neuronal pathfinding, arborization, and the initiation and maintenance of functional connections. Previous studies (Burg and Wu, 1986, J. Neurosci. 6:2968-2976; 1989, Dev. Biol. 131:505-514) have demonstrated that para(ts)nap(ts) double-mutant sensory neurons, in which action potentials are unconditionally blocked by defects in sodium currents, and eag Sh double-mutant sensory cells, in which membrane excitability is increased by alterations in potassium currents, can establish and maintain central projections that are indistinguishable from their functionally normal counterparts. Mutations of the shi(ts) gene cause a temperature-sensitive, reversible block of the membrane recycling process, resulting in arrest of neuronal growth in culture (Kim and Wu, 1987, J. Neurosci. 7:3245-3255) and depletion of synaptic vesicles that leads to transmission blockade at established synapses (Ikeda, Ozawa, and Hagiwara, 1976, Nature 259:489-491; Koenig and Ikeda, 1983, J. Neurobiol. 14:411-419; 1989, J. Neurosci. 9:3844-3860). Prolonged heat treatments (up to 16% of total development time) of small-patch shi(ts) mosaics at different pupal stages did not prevent the establishment of central projections characteristic of the various sensory cell types. However, none of the shi(ts) sensory neurons heat-pulsed during the initial or the final 16% of pupal development were able to initiate the reflex behavior, although a proportion of those treated in other periods apparently established functional contacts with appropriate targets to support the characteristic cleaning reflex. The possibility exists that the membrane recycling process blocked in shi(ts) cells provides a crucial mechanism for cell-cell interactions taking place during initial differentiation and final synaptic stabilization, and possibly competition, in the developing sensory neuron. Heat treatments of adult shi(ts) mosaics blocked the reflex initiated by the mutant (but not the surrounding normal) bristles, as expected from the effect of synaptic block.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Section: Effects Of Action Potential Block and Enhanced Membrane Excimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Development and maintenance of a simple reflex circuit in small‐patch mosaics of Drosophila: Effects of altered neuronal function and developmental arrest

et al. 1993

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“…Nonetheless, under more natural conditions, it seems that the purpose of the critical period is to al low the outside world to influence cortical connectiv ity; This mechanism may be adaptive, the feature-de tecting apparatus of the visual system being optimally matched to the animal's visual environment' [16; also see ref. 17,18], Critical periods for deprivation effects occur in other sensory systems, including the neural induction of taste buds in rats [19], the interaction between vi sual and auditory experience and sound localization maps in the optic tectum of barn owls [20,21] and vi sual pattern recognition in flies [22]. Differential ac tivity between the identical paired claws and closer muscles of juvenile lobsters can determine which of the pair will differentiate into the crusher and which the cutter; the side with greater activity becomes the crusher [23].…”

Section: Embryological Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryology, Ethology and Ecology of Ontogenetic Critical Periods in Fish

Browman¹

1989

Brain Behav Evol

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Overviews of critical period concepts, as they appear at several biological levels, are presented. In embryology, critical periods generally refer to restricted periods in development during which undifferentiated groups of cells can be induced to differentiate. In neurobiology, critical periods are those during which neural circuits are particularly plastic and subject to molding by cellular processes and by experience. The ethological critical period concept advances the idea that an individual's behavioral characteristics can be more strongly influenced by a given event (some stimulus) at one stage of development than at others. For example, this is the period during which young birds imprint upon their parent(s) and learn their species' songs, or during which young salmon imprint to the odor of their home streams. The fisheries science critical period, an ecological concept, refers to a restricted time in the early life history of fish during which there is massive mortality. For many fish, this event is generally considered the primary factor controlling the size of the adult population. The cause of variable mortality between years is thought to be a result of differential food availability and predation during a critical stage in early fish larval development. At each biological level of the critical period, spatial and temporal overlap between the developing organism and specific environmental input is essential. It is likely that critical periods in embryology, neurobiology and ethology are causally interrelated in a hierarchical manner and that they can be manifested as ecological critical periods. For example, if the abundance of food for fish larvae is low for the duration of a sensitive period in neural development, the appropriate neural network underlying foraging behaviors may not develop optimally even if food abundance subsequently increases. These fish will die, producing, in this case by definition, an ecological critical period.

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“…Experience is also important for appropriate neural development in adult insects. After eclosion, deprivation of light impairs the development of visual pattern discrimination in the fly Boettcherisca peregrina without impairing phototaxis [3]. Drosophila melanogaster reared under enriched conditions have more Kenyon cell fibers in the peduncle of the mushroom body than their deprived siblings [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience-dependent Plasticity of the Optomotor Response in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2012

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Experience in early life can affect the development of the nervous system. There is now evidence that experience-dependent plasticity exists in adult insects. To uncover the molecular basis of plasticity, an invertebrate model, such as Drosophila melanogaster, is a powerful tool, as many established genetic and molecular methods can be applied. To establish a model system in which behavioral plasticity can be examined, we investigated the optomotor response, a behavior common to most sight-reliant animals, in Drosophila and found that the response could be modified by the level of light during rearing. The angle turned by the head in response to a moving stimulus was used to quantify the response. Deprivation of light increased the response to low-contrast stimuli in wild-type Drosophila at 4 days after eclosion and this plastic change did not appear in rutabaga, a known mutant defective in short-term memory. In addition, the change was transient and was markedly decreased at 6 days after eclosion. Further, we found that Dark-flies, which have been kept in constant darkness for more than 50 years, showed a higher response to low-contrast stimuli even at 6 days after eclosion compared to wild type and this characteristic was not lost in Dark-flies placed in a normal light environment for 2 generations, suggesting that this high response has a hereditary nature. Thus, our model system can be used to examine how the environment affects behaviors.

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Development of Visual Pattern Discrimination in the Fly Depends on Light Experience

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

Development and maintenance of a simple reflex circuit in small‐patch mosaics of Drosophila: Effects of altered neuronal function and developmental arrest

Development and maintenance of a simple reflex circuit in small‐patch mosaics of Drosophila: Effects of altered neuronal function and developmental arrest

Embryology, Ethology and Ecology of Ontogenetic Critical Periods in Fish

Experience-dependent Plasticity of the Optomotor Response in Drosophila melanogaster

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