Development of zirconia-based potentiometric NOx sensors for automotive and energy industries in the early 21st century: What are the prospects for sensors?

Zhuiykov, Serge; Miura, Norio

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2006.03.044

Cited by 193 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…[4][5][6] Currently, there is only one type of NO x sensor that is sold commercially, and it seems unlikely to meet more stringent future emission requirements.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Because the need for a NO x sensor is recent and the performance requirements are extremely challenging, most are still in the development phase. [4][5][6] Currently, there is only one type of NO x sensor that is sold commercially, and it seems unlikely to meet more stringent future emission requirements.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6] Currently, there is only one type of NO x sensor that is sold commercially, and it seems unlikely to meet more stringent future emission requirements.Automotive exhaust sensor development has focused on solid-state electrochemical technology, which has proven to be robust for in-situ operation in harsh, high-temperature environments (e.g., the oxygen stoichiometric sensor). Solid-state sensors typically rely on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the oxygen-ion conducting electrolyte and then target different types of metal or metal-oxide electrodes to optimize the response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid-state sensors typically rely on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the oxygen-ion conducting electrolyte and then target different types of metal or metal-oxide electrodes to optimize the response. [2][3][4][5][6] Electrochemical sensors can be operated in different modes, including amperometric (a current is measured) and potentiometric (a voltage is measured), both of which employ direct current (dc) measurements. Amperometric operation is costly due to the electronics necessary to measure the small sensor signal (nanoampere current at ppm NO x levels), and cannot be easily improved to meet the future technical performance requirements.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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NOx Sensor Development

Woo¹,

Glass²

2010

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Objectives• Develop an inexpensive, rapid-response, high-sensitivity and selective electrochemical sensor for oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) for compression-ignition, direct-injection (CIDI) exhaust gas monitoring• Explore and characterize novel, effective sensing methodologies based on impedance measurements and designs and manufacturing methods that could be compatible with mass fabrication• Collaborate with industry in order to (ultimately) transfer the technology to a supplier for commercialization Approach• Use an ionic (O 2− ) conducting ceramic as a solid electrolyte and metal or metal-oxide electrodes• Correlate NO x concentration with changes in impedance by measuring the cell response to an ac signal• Evaluate sensing mechanisms and aging effects on long-term performance using electrochemical techniques• Collaborate with Ford Research Center to optimize sensor performance and perform dynamometer testing Accomplishments• Modified sensor designs to successfully improve mechanical robustness for withstanding engine vibrations and prevent failure during engine/vehicle dynamometer testing• Developed a preliminary strategy to mitigate major noise factors and improve accuracy by quantifying effects of temperature, water, and oxygen to generate a numerical algorithm• Publications/Presentations: Future Directions• Continue developing more advanced prototypes suitable for cost-effective, mass manufacturing• Continue evaluating performance of prototypes, including long-term stability and cross-sensitivity, in laboratory, dynamometer, and on-vehicle tests• Continue efforts to initiate the technology transfer process to a commercial entity Because the need for a NO x sensor is recent and the performance requirements are extremely challenging, most are still in the development phase. [4][5][6] Currently, there is only one type of NO x sensor that is sold commercially, and it seems unlikely to meet more stringent future emission requirements.Automotive exhaust sensor development has focused on solid-state electrochemical technology, which has proven to be robust for in-situ operation in harsh, high-temperature environments (e.g., the oxygen stoichiometric sensor). Solid-state sensors typically rely on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the oxygen-ion conducting electrolyte and then target different types of metal or metal-oxide electrodes to optimize the response. [2][3][4][5][6] Electrochemical sensors can be operated in different modes, including amperometric (a current is measured) and potentiometric (a voltage is measured), both of which employ direct current (dc) measurements. Amperometric operation is costly due to the electronics necessary to measure the small sensor signal (nanoampere current at ppm NO x levels), and cannot be easily improved to meet the future technical performance requirements. Potentiometric operation has not demonstrated enough promise in meeting long-term stability requirements, where the voltage signal drift is thought to be due to aging effects associated with electrically driven changes...

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“…[4][5][6] Currently, there is only one type of NO x sensor that is sold commercially, and it seems unlikely to meet more stringent future emission requirements.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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NOx Sensor Development

Woo¹,

Glass²

2010

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“…For active emission control of automotive exhausts, NO x detection in the low ppm range is important -without cross-sensitivities to other exhaust components. Despite many approaches in the past years, which are reviewed in the literature (Zhuiykov and Miura, 2007;Fergus, 2007;Guth and Zosel, 2004), only one type of NO x sensor has made it to series production. This sensor is a derivative of the planar oxygen sensor manufactured in planar zirconia ceramic technology (Riegel et al, 2002;Moos, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of operation temperature variations on NO measurements in low concentrations when applying the pulsed polarization technique to thimble-type lambda probes

Fischer¹,

Schönauer-Kamin²,

Pohle³

et al. 2015

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

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Abstract. By applying the pulsed polarization technique, a thimble-type lambda probe can be used as a NO x sensor in the low ppm range. Due to the robustness of the sensor in harsh exhaust gas environments, this approach has many opportunities for application. The temperature operating range for best NO sensing properties is a crucial parameter. The sensor temperature changes with the ambient gas temperature, but can be stabilized actively by internal heating in a certain temperature range. This study evaluates in detail the temperature influence on NO sensitivity, so that an optimum operating point can be derived from these results using a dynamic measurement technique. Stepwise NO concentration changes between 0 and 12.5 ppm in synthetic exhausts demonstrate the potential of the concept.

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Sensors in the Measurement of Toxic Gases in the Air

Zhuiykov

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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The use of state‐of‐the‐art chemical sensors for accurate measurement of the toxic gases in air has been increased over the last decade owing to the growing public awareness of the hazards associated with many airborne chemicals, toughening the legislation in various countries toward the reduction of the pollutants' emission and continuous advancements in the development of new measuring concepts and nanomaterials for sensing electrodes (SEs). (1–19) This article provides an overview of the major sensor types with specific examples of the utilization of nanostructured materials for their SEs. Examples of the different sensors and their improved characteristics have been discussed.

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Development of zirconia-based potentiometric NOx sensors for automotive and energy industries in the early 21st century: What are the prospects for sensors?

Cited by 193 publications

References 58 publications

NOx Sensor Development

NOx Sensor Development

Influence of operation temperature variations on NO measurements in low concentrations when applying the pulsed polarization technique to thimble-type lambda probes

Sensors in the Measurement of Toxic Gases in the Air

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