Development of ZnO-based sensors for fuel cell cars equipped with ethanol steam-reformer for on-board hydrogen production

Krishnakumar, T.; Kiruthiga, A.; Jozwiak, E.; Moulaee, Kaveh; Neri, G.

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.04.003

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Thus, optimization measures are also required to adjust the performance, such as a mixture with noble metal catalysts on the MOS surface, like palladium and platinum [87]. Furthermore, the optimization of microstructure and nanostructure can also improve the sensibility and response of the MOS gas sensors [105][106][107].…”

Section: Metal Oxide Semiconductor-based Hydrogen Gas Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, like some SnO2-based gas sensors, many ZnO gas sensors require high operating temperature (up to 400 °C) in sensing applications, which causes high power consumption and thus leads to instability during long-term gas detection. Therefore, more thoughtful strategies were developed to enhance their sensitivity and selectivity with lower power consumption [107,[121][122][123][124][125][126][127]. Another widely used metal oxide semiconductor is ZnO, an n-type semiconductor with a bandgap of 3.37 eV.…”

Section: Metal Oxide Semiconductor-based Hydrogen Gas Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2020, Krishnakumar et al investigated ZnO-based sensors for hydrogen sensing at a high operating temperature of 400 • C with fast response and recovery time (5 s/7 s) [107]. The sensor exhibited a relatively low sensing response (R a /R g equals 10 at 2000 ppm H 2 ).…”

Section: Metal Oxide Semiconductor-based Hydrogen Gas Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances and Challenges of Nanomaterials-Based Hydrogen Sensors

et al. 2021

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Safety is a crucial issue in hydrogen energy applications due to the unique properties of hydrogen. Accordingly, a suitable hydrogen sensor for leakage detection must have at least high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid response/recovery, low power consumption and stable functionality, which requires further improvements on the available hydrogen sensors. In recent years, the mature development of nanomaterials engineering technologies, which facilitate the synthesis and modification of various materials, has opened up many possibilities for improving hydrogen sensing performance. Current research of hydrogen detection sensors based on both conservational and innovative materials are introduced in this review. This work mainly focuses on three material categories, i.e., transition metals, metal oxide semiconductors, and graphene and its derivatives. Different hydrogen sensing mechanisms, such as resistive, capacitive, optical and surface acoustic wave-based sensors, are also presented, and their sensing performances and influence based on different nanostructures and material combinations are compared and discussed, respectively. This review is concluded with a brief outlook and future development trends.

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Section: Metal Oxide Semiconductor-based Hydrogen Gas Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Oxide Semiconductor-based Hydrogen Gas Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances and Challenges of Nanomaterials-Based Hydrogen Sensors

et al. 2021

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“…Zinc oxide (ZnO), as a typical n -type semiconductor sensing material, has attracted great attention because of its good gas sensing performance [ 7 , 21 , 22 ]. Up to now, many working groups tried to improve the gas sensing properties of ZnO-based gas sensors by construction p - n heterojunctions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NH3 Sensor Based on 3D Hierarchical Flower-Shaped n-ZnO/p-NiO Heterostructures Yields Outstanding Sensing Capabilities at ppb Level

Zhao

Yang

Wei

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) flower-like n-ZnO/p-NiO heterostructures with various ZnxNiy molar ratios (Zn5Ni1, Zn2Ni1, Zn1Ni1, Zn1Ni2 and Zn1Ni5) were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. Their crystal phase, surface morphology, elemental composition and chemical state were comprehensively investigated by XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM and XPS techniques. Gas sensing measurements were conducted on all the as-developed ZnxNiy-based sensors toward ammonia (NH3) detection under various working temperatures from 160 to 340 °C. In particular, the as-prepared Zn1Ni2 sensor exhibited superior NH3 sensing performance under optimum working temperature (280 °C) including high response (25 toward 100 ppm), fast response/recovery time (16 s/7 s), low detection limit (50 ppb), good selectivity and long-term stability. The enhanced NH3 sensing capabilities of Zn1Ni2 sensor could be attributed to both the specific hierarchical structure which facilitates the adsorption of NH3 molecules and produces much more contact sites, and the improved gas response characteristics of p-n heterojunctions. The obtained results clear demonstrated that the optimum n-ZnO/p-NiO heterostructure is indeed very promising sensing material toward NH3 detection for different applications.

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“…6,7 However, the high environmental temperature may accelerate pollution and the invalidation of the metallic oxides electrodes. 8,9 The enzymes are easy interfered by external environment temperature which will cause results to be not very reproducible. Due to the limitations of gas sensors, the existing ethanol detection instruments are difficult to satisfy the requirements of food industry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycrystal CuO Curved Nanowires with Photocatalytic Antibacterial for Highly Sensitive Photoelectrochemical Detection of Ultralow-Concentration Ethanol in Solution

Liang¹,

Han²,

Gong³

et al. 2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The polycrystal CuO curved nanowires were synthesized on Cu mesh by a facile alkalization method. The visible light-driven CuO curved nanowires were observed to have highly sensitivity for non-enzymatic ethanol sensing in solution and fast antibacterial property under flashlight irradiation. Compared to the single-crystal CuO nanowires, the polycrystal CuO nanowires were investigated based on the analysis of the morphology, nanostructure, theoretical modeling, and photoelectrochemical performance. As a result, the highest photocurrent densities were obtained by polycrystal CuO curved nanowires, as the facet heterojunction in curved nanowires played a key role, which existed in the interface between facets CuO (111) and CuO (110) resulting in the effectively separation of photoelectron-holes, thereby increasing the charge carrier density. Herein, the CuO curved nanowires were assembled as a photoelectrochemical sensor to detect the low concentration ethanol ranging from 10 to 100 nM, and then showed a high sensitivity. The fast antibacterial performance of CuO curved nanowires was found to completely kill 107 CFU/mL E.coli under flashlight irradiation in 20 minutes. The proposed CuO curved nanowires electrode with self-cleaning performance can be ideal for monitoring the low concentration ethanol in real-time at room temperature as photoelectrodes.

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Development of ZnO-based sensors for fuel cell cars equipped with ethanol steam-reformer for on-board hydrogen production

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Recent Advances and Challenges of Nanomaterials-Based Hydrogen Sensors

Recent Advances and Challenges of Nanomaterials-Based Hydrogen Sensors

NH3 Sensor Based on 3D Hierarchical Flower-Shaped n-ZnO/p-NiO Heterostructures Yields Outstanding Sensing Capabilities at ppb Level

Polycrystal CuO Curved Nanowires with Photocatalytic Antibacterial for Highly Sensitive Photoelectrochemical Detection of Ultralow-Concentration Ethanol in Solution

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