Development of β-Carotene Rich Maize Hybrids through Marker-Assisted Introgression of β-carotene hydroxylase Allele

Muthusamy, Vignesh; Hossain, Firoz; Thirunavukkarasu, Nepolean; Choudhary, Mukesh; Saha, Supradip; Bhat, Jayant S.; Prasanna, Boddupalli M.; Gupta, H. S.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113583

Cited by 164 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The crtRB1 gene has been reported to be a major gene affecting two-to tenfold accumulation of β-carotene in maize kernel (Babu et al 2013;Choudhary et al 2014;Muthusamy et al 2014). Though both the lines and testers possessed the favourable allele for crtRB1 3'TE gene which is known to cause higher accumulation of β-carotene, quite contrasting β-carotene concentration was observed between them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we hypothesize here that allele from CIMMYT-HarvestPlus origin should be in homozygous condition to reap the benefit of the allele effect. Considering this, markeraided introgression of this allele would be an effective strategy for provitamin A enrichment programme (Babu et al 2013;Muthusamy et al 2014).…”

Section: Cereal Research Communications 44 2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among various genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, crtRB1 (β-carotene hydroxylase) is primarily responsible for enhanced accumulation of β-carotene concentration in maize kernels (Yan et al 2010;Muthusamy et al 2014). A rare natural mutant possessing polymorphism (transposable element) at 3' end of the crtRB1 gene is reported to have two-to tenfolds higher β-carotene accumulation in the endosperm than the unfavourable allele (Yan et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic analyses of kernel carotenoids in novel maize genotypes possessing rare allele of β-carotene hydroxylase gene

Muthusamy

Hossain

Thirunavukkarasu

et al. 2016

Cereal Research Communications

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Carotenoids are important micronutrients required by humans for growth and development. Yellow maize among cereals possesses sufficient carotenoids, and thus, it is important to genetically dissect such traits for proper utilization in breeding programme. Twenty-one maize hybrids generated using novel inbreds with rare allele of β-carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) that enhances kernel β-carotene, were evaluated at two diverse maize growing locations. Lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin were positively correlated, while β-carotene showed negative correlation with other carotenoids. Grain yield did not show association with carotenoids. Preponderance of additive gene action was observed for lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. Experimental hybrids were much superior for kernel β-carotene compared to commercial hybrids. Based on SCA effects, high yielding experimental hybrids were identified for provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoids. These novel hybrid combinations of maize possessing rare allele of crtRB1 hold promise in maize biofortification programme to alleviate vitamin A deficiency and degenerative diseases in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cereal Research Communications 44 2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic analyses of kernel carotenoids in novel maize genotypes possessing rare allele of β-carotene hydroxylase gene

Muthusamy

Hossain

Thirunavukkarasu

et al. 2016

Cereal Research Communications

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“…In the similar line of work, marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) has been also used to develop maize genotypes for reduced anti-nutritional factors (Naidoo et al 2012). Muthusamy et al (2014) developed ß-Carotene rich maize hybrids through marker-assisted introgression of ß-carotene hydroxylase allele. Chander et al (2008) identified a major locus (y1) for carotenoid content using gene targeted molecular marker (Y1ssr).…”

Section: Breeding For Quality Protein Maize (Qpm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality protein maize (QPM): Genetic basis and breeding perspective

Tripathy¹,

Ithape²,

Maharana³

et al. 2017

Trop. Plant Res.

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Major fraction (60%) of seed storage protein in maize is zein which determines the quality of food and feed. Zeins comprise four subfamilies e.g., α , β, γ and δ zeins. Among these, α-zeins are the major prolamin subunits in maize. α-zeins are rich in glutamine, leucine and proline but, deficient in essential amino acids like lysine and tryptophan causing malnutrition. The opaque-2 (o2)-a natural recessive mutation in maize led to nearly double the lysine and tryptophan content in endosperm due to a decrease in the synthesis of zein proteins and increase in the other seed protein bound lysine and tryptophan. RNAi studies proved down regulation of 22kD zeins than the 19kD component as the biochemical basis of QPM phenotype. However, the opaque-2 mutation made the endosperm chalky and soft resulting damaged kernel while harvesting, poor germination, increased susceptibility to pest and diseases, inferior for food processing and in general reduced yield. Later, combining opaque-2 allele with its desirable genetic modifiers made it possible to breed QPM genotypes having hard kernel with high lysine and tryptophan content. Since, opaque-2 is a recessive mutation and endosperm specific, and biochemical analysis of lysine and tryptophan content is expensive; conventional backcross breeding alone is inefficient for the nutritional enrichment of maize. However, use of opaque-2 gene specific markers provided excellent opportunities for conversion of elite normal inbreds to homozygous o2/o2 forms through marker assisted selection (MAS). In India, Vivek QPM-9: a hybrid of two QPM introgression lines is being widely used for commercial cultivation.

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“…While β-carotene is low in maize kernels [52], maize displays a genetic variation in carotenoid contents [53]. In yellow kernels, β-carotene ranges from 0.01 to 4.7 mg g -1 [54] although most yellow varieties consumed contain only 0.5 to 1.5 mg g -1 [53]. Additionally, utilization of yellow maize for livestock feed hinders human consumption in parts of Southern Africa where white maize, lacking pVA, is preferred [55].…”

Section: Development Of Transgenic Pro-vitamin a Enhanced Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic Pro-Vitamin A Biofortified Crops for Improving Vitamin A Deficiency and Their Challenges

Lee¹

2017

TOASJ

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Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) has been a public health problem among children in developing countries. To alleviate VAD, Vitamin A Supplementation (VAS), food fortification, biofortification and nutrition education have been implemented in various degrees of success with their own merits and limits. While VAS is the most widely utilized intervention in developing countries to ease the burden of VAD, some have raised questions on VAS' effectiveness. Biofortification, often touted as an effective alternative to VAS, has received significant attention. Among the available biofortification methods, adopting transgenic technology has not only facilitated rapid progress in science for enhanced pro-Vitamin A (pVA) levels in target crops, but drawn considerable skepticism in politics for safety issues. Additionally, VAD-afflicted target regions of transgenic pVA crops widely vary in their national stance on Genetically Modified (GM) products, which further complicates crop development and release. This paper briefly reviews VAS and its controversy which partly demanded shifts to food-based VAD interventions, and updates the current status of transgenic pVA crops. Also, this paper presents a framework to provide potential influencers for transgenic pVA crop development under politically challenging climates with GM products. The framework could be applicable to other transgenic micronutrient biofortification.

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Development of β-Carotene Rich Maize Hybrids through Marker-Assisted Introgression of β-carotene hydroxylase Allele

Cited by 164 publications

References 38 publications

Genetic analyses of kernel carotenoids in novel maize genotypes possessing rare allele of β-carotene hydroxylase gene

Genetic analyses of kernel carotenoids in novel maize genotypes possessing rare allele of β-carotene hydroxylase gene

Quality protein maize (QPM): Genetic basis and breeding perspective

Transgenic Pro-Vitamin A Biofortified Crops for Improving Vitamin A Deficiency and Their Challenges

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