Development on Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Devices

Abstract

Electrochemical devices, especially energy storage, have been around for many decades. Liquid electrolytes (LEs), which are known for their volatility and flammability, are mostly used in the fabrication of the devices. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) are also using electrochemical reaction to operate. Following the demand for green and safer energy sources to replace fossil energy, this has raised the research interest in solid-state electrochemical devices. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are among the candidates to replace the LEs. Hence, understanding the mechanism of ions’ transport in SPEs is crucial to achieve similar, if not better, performance to that of LEs. In this paper, the development of SPE from basic construction to electrolyte optimization, which includes polymer blending and adding various types of additives, such as plasticizers and fillers, is discussed.

High-Performance Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)-Based Composite Electrolytes with Excellent Interfacial Compatibility for Room-Temperature All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

“…The morphology in Figure d confirms that the plasticizer causes the disappearance of the large-sized PVDF-HFP crystals. SN also possesses a strong polar −CN groups, which can promote the dissolution and dissociation of lithium salts through intermolecular interactions. , However, an excessive percentage of plasticizer not only weakens the polymer viscosity but may also drive toward partial loss of plastic-crystal order locally and more complex phenomena . The highest ionic conductivity of 1.18 × 10 –4 S·cm –1 was achieved when SN was added around 20 wt %, and the corresponding PVDF-HFP:LiTFSI:SN is 6:4:2.5 (labeled as GPE-b).…”

Overview and perspectives of solid electrolytes for sodium batteries

“…Many reports are available on different passive filler additives (oxides, zeolites, and titanates) in PEO and PVDF–HFP‐based polymer matrix composites such as SiO 2 /PEO with Na salt having a decent conductivity of ∼10 −5 S/cm at 25°C 144,145 . TiO 2 and BaTiO 3 nanoparticle‐blended PEO‐based composite electrolytes have been reported by Nimah et al.…”

“…Many reports are available on different passive filler additives (oxides, zeolites, and titanates) in PEO and PVDF-HFP-based polymer matrix composites such as SiO 2 /PEO with Na salt having a decent conductivity of ∼10 −5 S/cm at 25 • C. 144,145 146,147 Though the passive fillers do not contribute as an ion-conducting medium, a decent improvement in conductivity with good mechanical strength was achieved in the passive filler-doped polymer composite electrolyte. This is because of increased amorphous characteristics of the polymer and ion-conducting channels across the polymer-ceramic interface.…”

Triallyl cyanurate copolymerization delivered nonflammable and fast ion conducting elastic polymer electrolytes

“…[3][4][5] Generally, polymer matrices (such as poly(ethylene oxide)) provide the required mechanical strength and act as solid solvents for dissolving lithium salts, [6][7][8] and lithium salts (lithium bis(tri-uoromethanesulphonyl)imide) supply lithium ions for free migration, 9 thus forming lithium-ion migration under the electric eld like traditional liquid electrolytes. 10 Further, several additives, such as crosslinking agents, [11][12][13] ceramic llers 14,15 and plasticizers, [16][17][18] are also introduced into SPEs for enhancing mechanical strength and improving ionic conductivity. In spite of this, inferior mechanical property and insuf-cient ionic conductivity of SPEs still hinder their practical application in high-safety lithium metal batteries (LMBs).…”