Development Processes of Oceanic Convective Systems Inducing the Heavy Rainfall over the Western Coast of Sumatra on 28 October 2007

Trismidianto,; Hadi, Tri Wahyu; Ishida, Sachinobu; Moteki, Qoosaku; Manda, Atsuyoshi; Iizuka, Satoshi

doi:10.2151/sola.2016-002

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Alternatively, the role of a cold pool (e.g. Teo et al, 2011;Trismidianto et al, 2016) may serve as a concrete and testable hypothesis to be the manifestation of the so-called selfreplicating mechanism proposed by Mori et al (2004). We additionally found that the CENS associated with EMP may have a more localized origin and seems to involve mesoscale air-sea interactions over the South China Sea, which is also of interest to address in our future study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…In an earlier study, Mori et al (2004) reported that precipitating systems may propagate seaward or landward from coastal regions in Sumatra. A more recent study by Trismidianto et al (2016) indicates that convection over coastal regions in Sumatra can also be induced by a decaying oceanic convective system. From results of a numerical study, Li et al (2017) show that offshore or onshore rainfall propagation may occur over the coastal region of the MC all year round.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early morning peaks in the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the northern coast of West Java and possible influencing factors

et al. 2020

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Abstract. The diurnal cycles of precipitation over the northern coast of West Java have been studied using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Real Time Multi-satellite Precipitation Analyses (TMPA-RT) products with records spanning from 2000 to 2016, with emphasis on the occurrences of early morning precipitation peaks. Diurnal precipitation over the study area during November to March is basically characterized by precipitation peaks that occur in the afternoon to evening time (15:00–21:00 LT), but secondary peaks in the night to morning time (01:00–07:00 LT) are also pronounced in January and February. The harmonic analysis method was then applied to data of January and February to objectively determine the diurnal phase and classify the timing of precipitation for each day into three categories, i.e. afternoon-to-evening precipitation (AEP), early morning precipitation (EMP), and late morning precipitation (LMP) with peaks that occur in the time windows of 13:00–24:00, 01:00–04:00, and 05:00–12:00 LT, respectively. In terms of frequency of occurrence, AEP, EMP, and LMP constitute 55 %, 18.9 %, and 26.1 % of total samples of precipitation events. In spite of the smallest percentage, EMP events are characterized by seaward (as well as landward) propagation, flat phase distribution, and large mean amplitudes. The propagating characteristics of EMP are more prominent, with indications of stronger connectivity between precipitation systems over land and ocean, when data are composited by taking the 99th percentile values in each grid to represent extreme precipitation events. The flat phase distribution of EMP events suggests that the timing of coastal precipitation is not necessarily locked to the phase of land–sea breezes, thus allowing precipitation to occur more randomly. Furthermore, the role of the South China Sea cold tongue (SCS-CT) and cross-equatorial northerly surge (CENS) as influencing factors for the occurrences of the EMP event have also been investigated. In agreement with previous studies, we confirmed that the SCS-CT generally prevails in January and February, and morning precipitation events over the northern coast of West Java mainly occurred when there was more enhanced sea surface temperature (SST) cooling in the South China Sea. Additionally, we found that CENS is the most differential factor with regard to the phase of coastal precipitation. In this case, CENS is positively correlated with SCS-CT and, when associated with EMP events, concurrent enhancement of CENS and SCS-CT is connected to a narrow channelling of strong surface northerly wind anomalies just offshore of Indochina and the Malay Peninsula.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early morning peaks in the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the northern coast of West Java and possible influencing factors

et al. 2020

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show abstract

“…Similar or extension to this study will take more benefit from better satellite rainfall products. We have not yet investigated the mechanisms responsible for the propagation of the coastal 10 precipitation but the role of cold pool (e.g., Teo et al, 2011;Trismidianto et al, 2016) may serve as a concrete and testable hypothesis to be the manifestation of the so-called self-replicating mechanism proposed by Mori et al (2004). We additionally found that the CENS associated with EMP may have more localised origin and seems to involve mesoscale air-sea interactions over the South China Sea, which is of interest to address in our future study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an earlier study, Mori et al (2004) reported that precipitating systems may propagate seaward or landward from coastal region in Sumatra 15 Island. A more recent study by Trismidianto et al (2016) indicates that convection over coastal region in Sumatra Island can also be induced by a decaying oceanic convective system. From results of a numerical study, Li et al (2017) show that offshore or onshore rainfall propagation may occur over coastal region of the MC all around year.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Morning Peaksin the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation over the Northern Coast of West Java and Possible Influencing Factors

Yulihastin¹,

Hadi²,

Ningsih³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. The diurnal cycles of precipitation over the northern coast of West Java have been studied using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Real Time Multi-satellite Precipitation Analyses (MPA-RT) products with records spanning from 2000 to 2016, with emphasis on the occurrences of early morning precipitation peaks. Diurnal precipitation over the study area during November to March is basically characterised by precipitation peaks that occur in the afternoon to evening time (15:00–21:00 LT) but secondary peaks in night to morning time (01:00–07:00 LT) are also pronounced in January and February. Harmonic analysis method was then applied on data of January and February to objectively determine the diurnal phase and classify the timing of precipitation for each day into three categories, i.e. afternoon-to-evening precipitation (AEP), early morning precipitation (EMP), and late morning precipitation (LMP) with peaks that occur in the time windows of 13:00–24:00 LT, 01:00–04:00 LT, and 05:00–12:00 LT, respectively. In terms of frequency of occurrence, AEP, EMP, and LMP constitute 55 %, 26.1 %, and 18.9 % of total samples of precipitation events. In spite of the smallest percentage, EMP events are characterised by seaward (as well as landward) propagation, flat phase distribution, and large mean amplitudes. The propagating characteristics of EMP are more prominent, with indications of stronger connectivity between precipitation systems over land and ocean, when data are composited by taking the 99th percentile values in each grid to represent extreme precipitation events. The flat phase distribution of EMP events suggests that the timing of coastal precipitation is not necessarily locked to the phase of land/sea-breezes, thus, allowing precipitation to occur more randomly. Furthermore, the role of South China Sea Cold Tongue (SCS-CT) and Cross Equatorial Northerly Surge (CENS) as influencing factors for the occurrences of EMP event have also been investigated. In agreement with previous studies, we confirmed that the SCS-CT generally prevails in January and February and morning precipitation events over the northern coast of West Java mainly occurred when there was more enhanced SST cooling in the South China Sea. Additionally, we found that CENS is the most differential factor with regard to the phase of coastal precipitation. In this case, CENS is positively correlated with SCS-CT and when associated with EMP events, concurrent enhancement of CENS and SCS-CT is connected to a narrow channelling of strong surface northerly wind anomalies just offshore the Indochina and Malay Peninsula.

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“…LAPAN is the Indonesian space agency, founded in 1963. Along with space programs, it conducts atmospheric research (e.g., Trismidianto et al 2016; Noersomadi and Tsuda 2017) by maintaining 10 ground-based stations and research facilities throughout Indonesia. They include meteor wind radar (Tsuda et al 1995), wind profilers (Schafer et al 2003), an X-band radar (Oigawa et al 2017), and the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coordinated Upper-Troposphere-to-Stratosphere Balloon Experiment in Biak

Hasebe

Aoki

Morimoto

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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The stratospheric response to climate forcing, such as an increase of greenhouse gas, is often unpredictable because of interaction between radiation, dynamics, and chemistry. Climate models are unsuccessful in simulating the realistic distribution of stratospheric water vapor. The long-term trend of the stratospheric age of air (AoA), a measure that characterizes the stratospheric turnover time, remains inconsistent between diagnoses in climate models and estimates from tracer observations. For these reasons, observations designed specifically to distinguish the effects of individual contributing processes are required. Here, we report on CUBE/Biak, an observation campaign organized in Indonesia. Being inside the "tropical pipe" makes it possible to study the dehydration in the tropical tropopause layer and the gradual ascent in the stratosphere while minimizing the effects of multiple circulation pathways and wave mixing. Cryogenic sampling of minor constituents and major isotopes was conducted simultaneously with radiosonde observations of water vapor, ozone, aerosols, and cloud particles. The water vapor "tape recorder", gravitational separation, and isotopocules are being studied in conjunction with tracers that are accumulated in the atmosphere as dynamical and chemical measures of elapsed time since stratospheric air entry. The observational estimates concerning the AoA and water vapor tape recorder are compared with those derived from trajectory calculations. (Fig. 1). 69Why do we need CUBE/Biak? 70The atmospheric water content falls sharply toward the upper troposphere in response to 71 the decrease of temperature and associated drop of saturation water vapor pressure (Clausius- 72Clapeyron equation) with respect to height. As the air entering the stratosphere must cross the 73 cold tropopause, the stratosphere is extremely dry; water molecules constitute only 4 parts per 74 million. As a strong greenhouse gas, however, stratospheric water could drive decadal-scale per- 84Further investigation of radiosonde temperature data lead to a hypothesis, the "stratospheric 136Acceleration or deceleration of the BDC can be diagnosed by the decrease or increase of the age 137 of air (AoA), the time elapsed since stratospheric air made its final contact with the troposphere 138 (Kida 1983). We trace air parcels following atmospheric motion in the Lagrangian framework. 139The difficulty lies in the fact that, due to eddy mixing, any stratospheric air parcel is composed 140 of various infinitesimal elements that have followed different pathways since stratospheric entry 141 (Kida 1983; Hall and Plumb 1994; Waugh and Hall 2002). The distribution of transit times of all 142 infinitesimal elements that constitute an air parcel is the age spectrum. It is not observable. 143The mean value of stratospheric AoA, simply "mean age" hereafter, can be estimated by suc- 158An important piece missing in the analysis of Engel et al. (2009) was observational data in the 159 tropical stratosphere. As compared to mid...

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Development Processes of Oceanic Convective Systems Inducing the Heavy Rainfall over the Western Coast of Sumatra on 28 October 2007

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Early morning peaks in the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the northern coast of West Java and possible influencing factors

Early morning peaks in the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the northern coast of West Java and possible influencing factors

Early Morning Peaksin the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation over the Northern Coast of West Java and Possible Influencing Factors

Coordinated Upper-Troposphere-to-Stratosphere Balloon Experiment in Biak

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