Development, qualification, validation and application of the Ames test using a VITROCELL® VC10® smoke exposure system

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Systems toxicology assessment of a representative e-liquid formulation using human primary bronchial epithelial cells

“…For example, a recent study used regulatory safety toxicological tests to assess whether addition of flavoring substances to an unflavored product contributes to the toxicity of the gas–vapor phase [7]. Such tests can now also be conducted by using more advanced whole-aerosol exposure systems [8,9].…”

Cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette liquids and aerosols induce oxidative stress in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells

“…On average, the puff lasts about 3.20 s with 13 s interval. In another study, Hua et al [51] report an average puff lasting 4.3 s with the range of duration being from 1.9 to 8.3 s. The wide variation among e-cigarette users makes the development of standard exposure systems difficult, including the use of VITROCELL smoke exposure system modified for e-cigarette aerosol exposure [[52], [53], [54]]. This current study generates aerosol condensate from 40 puffs of 3 s with 27 s interval, which falls within the range of puff duration observed [51] and the method used by previous aerosolized exposure studies [15,18,42,46,48].…”

Mainstream smoke constituents and in vitro toxicity comparative analysis of 3R4F and 1R6F reference cigarettes

“…It has been regularly used as a monitor in collaborative tests organized for the analysis of MS constituents [[1], [2], [3]], or in the frame of methods development [[4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]], as a comparator for analyses performed for cigarettes [4,[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]] or heated tobacco products [[16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23]]. It has also been used as a comparator for toxicological in vitro assays for cigarettes [[24], [25], [26], [27]] or novel tobacco products and e-cigarettes [20,26,[28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38]] and in vivo toxicological studies [[39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46]]. The stock for 3R4F reference cigarette is, however, depleting.…”