Development-Related Dynamics in a Top-Down Control Network

Akhrif, Atae; Bajer, Christina; Wohlschläger, Afra M.; Konrad, Kerstin; Neufang, Susanne

doi:10.1166/jnsne.2013.1056

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Brain activation as well as gamma activity in the PFC have predominantly been associated with cognitive control, top-down control and attention allocation [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. However, prefrontal recruitment in attentional networks induced by the ANT shows a right-hemispheric preference [ 15 , 17 ], which seems to be ontogenetically determined as developmental studies have reported that a reduction of left PFC activation with network maturation paralleled with performance improvement [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Thus, additional activation and increased gamma power in the contralateral PFC might reflect a compensatory mechanism to optimize performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task performance changes the amplitude and timing of the BOLD signal

Akhrif

Geiger

Romanos

et al. 2017

Translational Neuroscience

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Translational studies comparing imaging data of animals and humans have gained increasing scientific interests. With this upcoming translational approach, however, identifying harmonized statistical analysis as well as shared data acquisition protocols and/or combined statistical approaches is necessary. Following this idea, we applied Bayesian Adaptive Regression Splines (BARS), which have until now mainly been used to model neural responses of electrophysiological recordings from rodent data, on human hemodynamic responses as measured via fMRI. Forty-seven healthy subjects were investigated while performing the Attention Network Task in the MRI scanner. Fluctuations in the amplitude and timing of the BOLD response were determined and validated externally with brain activation using GLM and also ecologically with the influence of task performance (i.e. good vs. bad performers). In terms of brain activation, bad performers presented reduced activation bilaterally in the parietal lobules, right prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum. This was accompanied by an enhanced left PFC recruitment. With regard to the amplitude of the BOLD-signal, bad performers showed enhanced values in the left PFC. In addition, in the regions of reduced activation such as the parietal and striatal regions, the temporal dynamics were higher in bad performers. Based on the relation between BOLD response and neural firing with the amplitude of the BOLD signal reflecting gamma power and timing dynamics beta power, we argue that in bad performers, an enhanced left PFC recruitment hints towards an enhanced functioning of gamma-band activity in a compensatory manner. This was accompanied by reduced parieto-striatal activity, associated with increased and potentially conflicting beta-band activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task performance changes the amplitude and timing of the BOLD signal

Akhrif

Geiger

Romanos

et al. 2017

Translational Neuroscience

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“…In addition, gPPI results showed increased dACC-MTG/TPJ -Hippocampus/PCC-Hippocampus/PCC-IPL functional connectivity after three or more failures compared to after only one or two. Attention-demanding, goal-directed behavior is mediated not only by distributed patterns of cerebral activation but, remarkably, also by concurrent suppression of activity in a distinct set of brain areas, such as fronto-parietal circuits (dACC/PCC/IPL/TPJ) 49 52 53 . The PCC forms strong, reciprocal connections with the medial temporal lobe, especially the parahippocampal gyrus, which is important for associative learning and episodic memory 20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural circuitry involved in quitting after repeated failures: role of the cingulate and temporal parietal junction

Zhao

Kendrick

Chen

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The more times people fail the more likely they are to give up, however little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this impact of repeated failure on decision making. Here we have used a visual shape discrimination task with computer-controlled feedback combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural circuits involved. The behavioral task confirmed that the more times subjects experienced failure the more likely they were to give up, with three successive failures being the key threshold and the majority of subjects reaching the point where they decided to quit and try a new stimulus set after three or four failures. The fMRI analysis revealed activity changes in frontal, parietal, temporal, limbic and striatal regions, especially anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and temporal parietal junction (TPJ) associated with the number of previous failures experienced. Furthermore, their parameter estimates were predictive of subjects’ quitting rate. Thus, subjects reach the point where they decide to quit after three/four failures and this is associated with differential changes in brain regions involved in error monitoring and reward which regulate both failure detection and changes in decision-making strategy.

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Development-Related Dynamics in a Top-Down Control Network

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Task performance changes the amplitude and timing of the BOLD signal

Task performance changes the amplitude and timing of the BOLD signal

Neural circuitry involved in quitting after repeated failures: role of the cingulate and temporal parietal junction

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