Developmental analysis of carbohydrate metabolism in tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> cv. Micro‐Tom) fruits

Obiadalla-Ali, H. A.; Fernie, Alisdair R.; Koßmann, Jens; Lloyd, J. R.

doi:10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0167.x

Cited by 54 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Many of these genes (up to 36% in the locular tissue) encode proteins with unknown functions or, alternatively, present no homology with known genes. Our findings correlate well for the few genes or enzymatic activities previously studied in the developing fruit (Laval-Martin et al, 1977;Schaffer and Petreikov, 1997;Rebers et al, 1999;RodriguezConception and Gruissem, 1999;Joubès et al, 2000;Lemaire-Chamley et al, 2000;Muir et al, 2001;Guillet et al, 2002;Busi et al, 2003;Obiadalla-ali et al, 2004). Interestingly, the repartition of the known genes into the different functional categories is very different between the exocarp and the locular tissue.…”

Section: Few Fruit-specific Genes Are Expressed During the Early Stagsupporting

confidence: 85%

Changes in Transcriptional Profiles Are Associated with Early Fruit Tissue Specialization in Tomato

et al. 2005

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The cell expansion phase contributes in determining the major characteristics of a fleshy fruit and represents two-thirds of the total fruit development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). So far, it has received very little attention. To evaluate the interest of a genomic scale approach, we performed an initial sequencing of approximately 1,200 cell expansion stage-related sequence tags from tomato fruit at 8, 12, and 15 d post anthesis. Interestingly, up to approximately 35% of the expressed sequence tags showed no homology with available tomato expressed sequence tags and up to approximately 21% with any known gene. Microarrays spotted with expansion phase-related cDNAs and other fruit cDNAs involved in various developmental processes were used (1) to profile gene expression in developing fruit and other plant organs and (2) to compare two growing fruit tissues engaged mostly in cell division (exocarp) or in cell expansion (locular tissue surrounding the seeds). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis was further used to confirm microarray results and to specify expression profiles of selected genes (24) in various tissues from expanding fruit. The wide range of genes expressed in the exocarp is consistent with a protective function and with a high metabolic activity of this tissue. In addition, our data show that the expansion of locular cells is concomitant with the expression of genes controlling water flow, organic acid synthesis, sugar storage, and photosynthesis and suggest that hormones (auxin and gibberellin) regulate this process. The data presented provide a basis for tissue-specific analyses of gene function in growing tomato fruit.After ovule fertilization, early tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit development is characterized by a period of cell division followed by cell expansion, resulting in the formation of large vacuolated cells (Mohr and Stein, 1969). Cell expansion is the longest phase in fruit development and may contribute to 90% of the increase in fruit weight, depending on the cultivar. In addition, cell expansion contributes, along with ripening, to the major structural, biochemical, and physiological changes that characterize a fleshy fruit. The cell wall changes associated with cell enlargement and the continuous accumulation in the vacuole of water, sugars, organic acids, and other compounds are necessary to maintain the turgor pressure of the expanding cells. In addition, these physiological processes contribute significantly to the flavor, texture, and overall attractiveness of the ripe fruit. The succession of the different phases of tomato fruit development is not, however, as clear cut as described above. It varies greatly according to the fruit tissue considered (Joubès et al., 1999). Tomato fruit is a complex organ composed of two or more carpels separated by a radially orientated tissue called septum, which results from the fusion of two adjacent carpel walls (or pericarp). The pericarp encloses the locular cavity containing the seeds attached to a central pa...

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Section: Few Fruit-specific Genes Are Expressed During the Early Stagsupporting

confidence: 85%

Changes in Transcriptional Profiles Are Associated with Early Fruit Tissue Specialization in Tomato

et al. 2005

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“…There have been several small-scale studies of the developmental changes of enzyme activities that are involved in starch or Suc metabolism Yelle et al, 1988) and a larger study of 11 glycolytic enzymes (Obiadalla-Ali et al, 2004) The names of the transcripts correspond to the identifying spots on the TOM01 chip; full descriptions are available in Supplemental Table S8 as well as the genes presenting no correlation with any of the enzyme activities. Sectors corresponding to parameter pairs in which the transcript is annotated as encoding the enzyme are highlighted in gray.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While custom-made or commercial arrays are available for transcript profiling and widely used techniques like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are available for metabolite profiling, it is still a technical challenge to obtain quantitative information about large numbers of proteins (Rose et al, 2004;Baerenfaller et al, 2008) or enzyme activities (Mitchell-Olds and Pedersen, 1998;Prioul et al, 1999;Thevenot et al, 2005;Cross et al, 2006). While there have been many studies of the developmental changes of small sets of enzymes in tomato fruits Yelle et al, 1988), medium-size surveys are limited to a study of 13 enzymes during fruit development in S. lycopersicum 'MicroTom' (Obiadalla-Ali et al, 2004). The availability of wild relatives provides a resource to deepen our understanding of the regulation of central metabolism during tomato fruit development.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enzyme Activity Profiles during Fruit Development in Tomato Cultivars andSolanum pennellii

Steinhauser

Koehl

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

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Enzymes interact to generate metabolic networks. The activities of more than 22 enzymes from central metabolism were profiled during the development of fruit of the modern tomato cultivar Solanum lycopersicum 'M82' and its wild relative Solanum pennellii (LA0716). In S. pennellii, the mature fruit remains green and contains lower sugar and higher organic acid levels. These genotypes are the parents of a widely used near introgression line population. Enzymes were also profiled in a second cultivar, S. lycopersicum 'Moneymaker', for which data sets for the developmental changes of metabolites and transcripts are available. Whereas most enzyme activities declined during fruit development in the modern S. lycopersicum cultivars, they remained high or even increased in S. pennellii, especially enzymes required for organic acid synthesis. The enzyme profiles were sufficiently characteristic to allow stages of development and cultivars and the wild species to be distinguished by principal component analysis and clustering. Many enzymes showed coordinated changes during fruit development of a given genotype. Comparison of the correlation matrices revealed a large overlap between the two modern cultivars and considerable overlap with S. pennellii, indicating that despite the very different development responses, some basic modules are retained. Comparison of enzyme activity, metabolite profiles, and transcript profiles in S. lycopersicum 'Moneymaker' revealed remarkably little connectivity between the developmental changes of transcripts and enzymes and even less between enzymes and metabolites. We discuss the concept that the metabolite profile is an emergent property that is generated by complex network interactions.

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“…4c). The role of the pericarp was studied by Obiadalla- Ali et al (2004) in the tomato cultivar Micro-Tom. In the pericarp of MicroTom, the activity of enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion was higher compared to the rest of the fruit and sucrose levels were lower in the pericarp compared to placental tissues.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during early fruit development between domesticated tomato and two wild relatives

Kortstee

Appeldoorn

Oortwijn

et al. 2007

Planta

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Early development and growth of fruit in the domesticated tomato Solanum lycopersicum cultivar Money Maker and two of its wild relatives, S. peruvianum LA0385 and S. habrochaites LA1777, were studied. Although small diVerences exist, the processes involved and the sequence of events in fruit development are similar in all three species. The growth of developing fruits is exponential and the relative growth rate accelerates from 5 days after pollination (DAP 5) to DAP 8, followed by a decline during further development. Growth is positively correlated to the standard "Brix plus starch'' in the period DAP 8-DAP 20. Carbohydrate composition and levels of sugars and organic acids diVer in fruits of the wild accessions compared to domesticated tomato. The wild accessions accumulate sucrose instead of glucose and fructose, and ripe fruits contain higher levels of malate and citrate. The enzymes responsible for the accumulation of glucose and fructose in domesticated tomatoes are soluble invertase and sucrose synthase. The regulation of initial carbohydrate metabolism in the domesticated tomato diVers from that in the wild species, as could be concluded from measuring activities of enzymes involved in primary carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, changes in the activity of several enzymes, e.g., cell wall invertase, soluble invertase, fructokinase and phosphoglucomutase, could be attributed to changes in gene expression level. For other enzymes, additional control mechanisms play a role in the developing tomato fruits. Localization by in-situ activity staining of enzymes showed comparable results for fruits of domesticated tomato and the wild accessions. However, in the pericarp of S. peruvianum, less activity staining of phosphogluco-isomerase, phosphoglucomutase and UDPglucosepyrophosphorylase was observed.

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Developmental analysis of carbohydrate metabolism in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Micro‐Tom) fruits

Cited by 54 publications

References 51 publications

Changes in Transcriptional Profiles Are Associated with Early Fruit Tissue Specialization in Tomato

Changes in Transcriptional Profiles Are Associated with Early Fruit Tissue Specialization in Tomato

Enzyme Activity Profiles during Fruit Development in Tomato Cultivars andSolanum pennellii

Differences in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during early fruit development between domesticated tomato and two wild relatives

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