Developmental arrest in vent worm embryos

Pradillon, Florence; Shillito, Bruce; Young, Craig M.; Gaill, Françoise

doi:10.1038/35099674

Cited by 92 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…At the end of 45 days' cultivation the nauplii still contained considerable lipid reserves, indicating the likelihood of more developmental stages and a potential for long distance dispersal. There is a possibility the nauplii could remain relatively dormant at near-bottom temperatures, 2.5 to 3.08C in the New Ireland and Manus Basins (Gamo et al, 1993;Herzig & Hannington,1994), to be activated into faster growth and metamorphosis to the cyprid stage on encountering suitable environmental signals at vents or seeps (Pradillon et al, 2001). The lipid reserves may make the larvae buoyant, as observed at the surface, but lipid buoyancy changes under pressure (Yayanos et al, 1978) and the nauplii might remain demersal at the depths where the adults live.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and breeding of a primitive stalked barnacle Leucolepas longa (Cirripedia: Scalpellomorpha: Eolepadidae: Neolepadinae) inhabiting a volcanic seamount off Papua New Guinea

Tunnicliffe

Southward

2004

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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A pedunculate barnacle, Leucolepas longa, occurs in densities over 1000 individuals m 72 on the summit of a small seamount near New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. Most of the population grows on vesicomyid clams projecting from sulphide-rich sediments, or on their dead shells, but the barnacle also settles on rock and on tubes of a vestimentiferan. Collections of several hundred barnacles allowed comparison of population and reproductive characteristics. The barnacle is a suspension feeder with a lightly-armoured stalk that can grow to 40 cm above the bottom. Growth appears to be rapid and both reproduction and recruitment are continuous. The barnacles brood egg masses within the capitular chamber and 46% of one sample was brooding. Lecithotrophic nauplii released upon retrieval to the surface were cultivated for 45 days. Metamorphosis to Stage IV yielded an actively swimming larva about 1mm long overall, which still contained lipid reserves, indicating capacity for wide dispersal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and breeding of a primitive stalked barnacle Leucolepas longa (Cirripedia: Scalpellomorpha: Eolepadidae: Neolepadinae) inhabiting a volcanic seamount off Papua New Guinea

Tunnicliffe

Southward

2004

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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“…Preliminary experiments with in vitro fertilisation of A. pompejana suggested that embryos arrest development at low abyssal temperature (2°C), but resume development when temperature increases to 10°C (Pradillon et al, 2001). However, they were unable to develop when the temperature is above 20°C.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These results suggested that embryos must develop at intermediate temperatures, lower than in the adult habitat, where temperatures around or above 20°C have been reported (Cary et al, 1998;Chevaldonné et al, 1992;Desbruyères et al, 1985), but higher than the surrounding abyssal sea. Pradillon et al (2001) proposed that embryos could either develop at the bottoms of chimneys where intermediate temperatures are found, or be carried in an arrested state far from their places of origin, completing development only when warmer habitats are encountered.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Larvae of probable vent origin have been collected in plankton tows (Berg and Van Dover, 1987;Kim et al, 1994;, pumps (Kim and Mullineaux, 1998) , 2000) deployed near vent habitats, but it was often difficult to identify them and therefore to assess their origin. As alternatives to in situ collection and to avoid species misidentification, methods have been developed to obtain early life stages of hydrothermal vent organisms by in vitro fertilisation (Marsh et al, 2001;Pradillon et al, 2001). These methods still require us to overcome several difficulties.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of environmental conditions on early development of the hydrothermal vent polychaete Alvinella pompejana

Pradillon

Bris

Shillito

et al. 2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Dispersal and colonisation processes at deep-sea vents are still not fully understood, essentially because early life stages of vent species remain unknown. The polychaete worm Alvinella pompejana forms colonies on chimney walls at East Pacific Rise vent sites where the temperature can frequently exceed 20°C. In vitro studies in pressure vessels showed that the early embryos tolerate temperatures in a lower range (10-14°C), suggesting that they would have to escape the colony to develop. Pressure vessels offer the advantage that each parameter can be independently controlled, but they do not simulate the more complex and dynamic conditions naturally encountered at vent sites. Accordingly, in addition to incubations in pressure vessels, we incubated embryos directly at a vent site, in different habitats along a gradient of hydrothermal influence. Embryos incubated on an adult A. pompejana colony where temperature and H 2 S concentrations were relatively high showed a very low survival rate and did not develop, whereas embryos incubated in a Riftia pachyptila clump environment with a lower hydrothermal signature, or at the base of the chimney where the influence of the hydrothermal activity was very weak, survived well and developed. Although the average temperature recorded in the A. pompejana colony was within the range tolerated by embryos (13°C), frequent peaks above 20°C were recorded. Estimated sulphide concentration at this site reached 200·µmol·l -1 . Punctuated exposure to both high temperature and elevated sulphide levels probably explain the low survival of embryos within the A. pompejana colony. The in situ experiments further support the idea that embryos require conditions with moderate hydrothermal influence not generally found within an adult colony. However, as much more benign physicochemical conditions can be found within a few tens of cm of adult colonies, embryos do not necessarily have to leave their vent of origin to develop. Further analyses are needed to pinpoint the specific factors that affect the survival and development of embryos at vents.

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“…For alvinellids, direct benthic development has been suggested (Desbruyères & Laubier 1986, Zal et al 1995. However, for Alvinella pompejana, experimental studies of its development rather suggest that embryos would develop away from adult colonies, and possibly undergo a dispersal phase (Pradillon et al 2001). Reproductive mechanisms also remain poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonisation of newly-opened habitat by a pioneer species, Alvinella pompejana (Polychaeta: Alvinellidae), at East Pacific Rise vent sites

Pradillon¹,

Zbinden²,

Mullineaux³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Animal communities on the walls of deep-sea hydrothermal chimneys are distributed in mosaics of patches that may evolve as local environmental conditions change and biological interactions develop. Alvinella pompejana Desbruyères et Laubier, 1980 is one of the first metazoan colonisers of new surfaces created by mineral precipitation, and therefore may be particularly important in community establishment in active parts of smokers. Here our goal was to investigate the colonisation mechanisms of A. pompejana in new patches and determine whether these mechanisms may influence population structure and reproductive patterns in this species. We deployed a series of TRAC (Titanium Ring for Alvinellid Colonisation) devices at East Pacific Rise (EPR) vent sites to compare the size and stage (i.e. reproductive maturity) distribution of A. pompejana individuals between recently colonised patches (TRACs) and established patches (grabbed by submersible). TRACs deployed for short time periods (11 d to 1 mo) were generally colonised by smaller individuals than those found in background populations or in TRACs deployed for longer time periods (>1 mo). Colonists into new patches were a mix of juveniles and individuals that were sexually mature but non-reproductive (i.e. not producing gametes), whereas background population and older patches harboured a mixture of individuals at different stages including reproductive females. Although some individuals may have recruited on TRACs as larvae, the major colonisation process involved was probably immigration of post-larval stages. In long-term TRAC, reproductive females were not reproductively synchronised. In this dynamic environment, reproduction would be triggered by the disturbance/migration processes, explaining the heterogeneity observed in reproductive patterns.

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Developmental arrest in vent worm embryos

Cited by 92 publications

References 6 publications

Growth and breeding of a primitive stalked barnacle Leucolepas longa (Cirripedia: Scalpellomorpha: Eolepadidae: Neolepadinae) inhabiting a volcanic seamount off Papua New Guinea

Growth and breeding of a primitive stalked barnacle Leucolepas longa (Cirripedia: Scalpellomorpha: Eolepadidae: Neolepadinae) inhabiting a volcanic seamount off Papua New Guinea

Influence of environmental conditions on early development of the hydrothermal vent polychaete Alvinella pompejana

Colonisation of newly-opened habitat by a pioneer species, Alvinella pompejana (Polychaeta: Alvinellidae), at East Pacific Rise vent sites

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