Developmental biology of the cereal endosperm

Olsen, Odd‐Arne; Linnestad, Casper; Nichols, Scott E.

doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(99)01431-4

Cited by 119 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The timing and pattern of these processes is different between the Arabidopsis and cereal model systems. Reviews of cereal endosperm development (e.g., Olsen et al, 1999 ;Olsen, 2001Olsen, , 2004Brown and Lemmon, 2007 ;Sabelli and Larkins, 2009 ;Becraft and Gutierrez-Marcos, 2012 ;Olsen and Becraft, 2013 ) often depict generalized developmental models that are largely based on comprehensive accounts of nuclei proliferation, microtubular networks, and phragmoplast or wall deposition in barley, rice, and wheat, with comparison to analogous observations in Arabidopsis (e.g., Mares et al, 1975Mares et al, , 1977Morrison and O'Brien, 1976 ;Fineran et al, 1982 ;Van Lammeren, 1988 ;Mansfi eld and Briarty, 1990 ;Bosnes et al, 1992 ;Brown et al, 1994Brown et al, , 1996aBrown et al, , b , 1997Brown et al, , 1999Brown et al, , 2003Olsen et al, 1995 ;Sørensen et al, 2002 ). Though these models and descriptions are often extended to all cereals, detailed cytological accounts of the coenocyte and cellularization stages of endosperm development in maize are generally much older and more limited ( Randolph, 1936 ;Kiesselbach, 1949 ;Monjardino et al, 2007 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Maize early endosperm growth and development: From fertilization through cell type differentiation

Leroux

Goodyke

Schumacher

et al. 2014

American J of Botany

100

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• Premise of the study: Given the worldwide economic importance of maize endosperm, it is surprising that its development is not the most comprehensively studied of the cereals. We present detailed morphometric and cytological descriptions of endosperm development in the maize inbred line B73, for which the genome has been sequenced, and compare its growth with four diverse Nested Association Mapping (NAM) founder lines.• Methods: The fi rst 12 d of B73 endosperm development were described using semithin sections of plastic-embedded kernels and confocal microscopy. Longitudinal sections were used to compare endosperm length, thickness, and area.• Key results: Morphometric comparison between Arizona-and Michigan-grown B73 showed a common pattern. Early endosperm development was divided into four stages: coenocytic, cellularization through alveolation, cellularization through partitioning, and differentiation. We observed tightly synchronous nuclear divisions in the coenocyte, elucidated that the onset of cellularization was coincident with endosperm size, and identifi ed a previously undefi ned cell type (basal intermediate zone, BIZ). NAM founders with small mature kernels had larger endosperms (0-6 d after pollination) than lines with large mature kernels.• Conclusions: Our B73-specifi c model of early endosperm growth links developmental events to relative endosperm size, while accounting for diverse growing conditions. Maize endosperm cellularizes through alveolation, then random partitioning of the central vacuole. This unique cellularization feature of maize contrasts with the smaller endosperms of Arabidopsis , barley, and rice that strictly cellularize through repeated alveolation. NAM analysis revealed differences in endosperm size during early development, which potentially relates to differences in timing of cellularization across diverse lines of maize.

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confidence: 99%

Maize early endosperm growth and development: From fertilization through cell type differentiation

Leroux

Goodyke

Schumacher

et al. 2014

American J of Botany

100

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“…Cellularization allows the formation of the internuclear radial microtubule systems and open-ended alveolation from the periphery of the endosperm toward the central vacuole (Olsen et al, 1999;Olsen, 2004). Four major cell types of the maize endosperm are differentiated: transfer cells, aleurone cells, starchy endosperm cells, and embryo-surrounding region cells.…”

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The Differential Transcription Network between Embryo and Endosperm in the Early Developing Maize Seed

Chen

Shu

et al. 2013

Plant Physiology

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Transcriptome analysis of early-developing maize (Zea mays) seed was conducted using Illumina sequencing. We mapped 11,074,508 and 11,495,788 paired-end reads from endosperm and embryo, respectively, at 9 d after pollination to define gene structure and alternative splicing events as well as transcriptional regulators of gene expression to quantify transcript abundance in both embryo and endosperm. We identified a large number of novel transcribed regions that did not fall within maize annotated regions, and many of the novel transcribed regions were tissue-specifically expressed. We found that 50.7% (8,556 of 16,878) of multiexonic genes were alternatively spliced, and some transcript isoforms were specifically expressed either in endosperm or in embryo. In addition, a total of 46 trans-splicing events, with nine intrachromosomal events and 37 interchromosomal events, were found in our data set. Many metabolic activities were specifically assigned to endosperm and embryo, such as starch biosynthesis in endosperm and lipid biosynthesis in embryo. Finally, a number of transcription factors and imprinting genes were found to be specifically expressed in embryo or endosperm. This data set will aid in understanding how embryo/endosperm development in maize is differentially regulated.Maize (Zea mays) seeds are one of the most important crop materials that provide resources for food, feed, biofuel, and raw material for processing. Maize seed development initiates from double fertilization, in which two of the pollen sperms fuse with an egg cell and a central cell to produce embryo and endosperm, respectively (Randolph, 1936;Chaudhury et al., 2001). The main function of endosperm is to provide nutrient for the developing embryo and germinating embryo.After fertilization, the zygote undergoes an asymmetric division into a small apical cell and a large basal cell, giving rise to the embryo proper and the suspensor, respectively. The radial symmetry of the proembryo is shifted to a bilateral symmetry at the transition stage, which is characterized by protoderm formation. The shoot apical meristem and the root apical meristem can be distinguished at the onset of the coleoptile stage, and then the position of the future coleoptile is marked by a small protuberance. The mature embryo is composed of the embryo axis, which is formed by the plumule with five or six short internodes, and leaf primordia and primary root surrounded by the coleoptile and the coleorhiza, respectively, and the scutellum (Randolph, 1936;Abbe and Stein, 1954;Diboll, 1968;Lammeren, 1986;Vernoud et al., 2005).Maize endosperm follows the nucleus-type endosperm development, where the fertilized central cell undergoes several rounds of synchronous division in the absence of cell wall formation and cytokinesis to produce a syncytium (Lopes and Larkins, 1993;Olsen, 2004). Cellularization allows the formation of the internuclear radial microtubule systems and open-ended alveolation from the periphery of the endosperm toward the central vacuole (Olsen et al., ...

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“…Le retard du développement de l'albumen par rapport à l'embryon hybride s'observe dès les premiers stades de développement des embryons, soit vers 3 à 6 JAP. Lorsque ce développement démarre par un défaut de cellularisation de l'albumen, on conclut à un manque d'alimentation de l'embryon hybride à travers l'albumen (Lester et Kang, 1998;Olsen et al, 1999;Bommert et Werr, 2001;Berger, 2003). Assez souvent, c'est la cause fondamentale d'avortement des embryons hybrides P. coccineus (♀) x P. vulgaris (Yeung et Meinke, 1993) Étranglement de la jonction entre le suspenseur et l'embryon proprement dit La figure 6 montre un embryon présentant un étranglement au niveau de la jonction entre le suspenseur et l'embryon proprement dit.…”

Section: Retard Du Développement De L'embryonunclassified

Etude histologique des embryons avortés lors des croisements entre <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. et <i>Phaseolus coccineus</i> L.

Ndoutoumou¹,

Toussaint²,

Baudoin³

2013

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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Developmental biology of the cereal endosperm

Cited by 119 publications

References 38 publications

Maize early endosperm growth and development: From fertilization through cell type differentiation

Maize early endosperm growth and development: From fertilization through cell type differentiation

The Differential Transcription Network between Embryo and Endosperm in the Early Developing Maize Seed

Etude histologique des embryons avortés lors des croisements entre <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. et <i>Phaseolus coccineus</i> L.

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