Developmental Changes in Auditory Localization in Infancy

Clifton, Rachel K.; Morrongiello, Barbara A.; Kulig, John W.; Dowd, John M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-065301-0.50014-5

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) which may be used for behavioural testing in late infancy, is not applicable in young infants [7], due to their inability to make reliable direct head-turn responses towards sound sources [8]. In addition, children with additional disorders as well as prematurity may also not be able to complete VRA testing [9].…”

Section: Hearing Assessment In Infants-evaluation Of Additional Disormentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic challenges and safety considerations in cochlear implantation under the age of 12 months

Vlastarakos

Candiloros²,

Papacharalampous

et al. 2010

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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Section: Hearing Assessment In Infants-evaluation Of Additional Disormentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic challenges and safety considerations in cochlear implantation under the age of 12 months

Vlastarakos

Candiloros²,

Papacharalampous

et al. 2010

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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“…The procedure has been used reliably with typically developing children as young as 5 to 6 mos (Moore, et al, 1977). VRA is not appropriate for infants younger than about 5.5 mos because they do not make directed head turns toward sound sources (Clifton, et al, 1981). Some infants are delayed in their development and are unable to complete VRA at 6 mos of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Look at Pediatric Cochlear Implantation: Is Earliest Always Best?

2008

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Objectives Since the advent of cochlear implants, age at implantation has declined as investigators report greater benefit the younger a child is implanted. Infants younger than 12 mos currently are excluded from Food and Drug Administration clinical trials, but have been implanted with Food and Drug Administration-approved devices. With a chance that an infant without profound hearing loss could be implanted because of the limitations of the diagnostic measures used with this population and the potential for additional anesthetic risks to infants younger than 1-yr-old, it is prudent to evaluate benefit in the youngest cochlear implant recipients. The goals of this research were to investigate whether significant gains are made by children implanted before 1-yr-old relative to those implanted at later ages, while controlling for potential covariates, and whether there is behavioral evidence for sensitive periods in spoken language development. It was expected that children implanted before age 1 yr would have more advanced spoken language skills than children implanted at later ages; there would be a negative relationship between age at implantation and rate of spoken language development, allowing for an examination of the effects of sensitive periods in spoken language development; and these trends would remain despite accounting for participant characteristics and experiences that might influence spoken language outcomes. Design Ninety-six children with congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss bilaterally and no additional identified disabilities who were implanted before the age of 4 yrs were stratified into four groups based on age at implantation. Children’s spoken language development was followed for at least 2 yrs after device activation. Spoken language scores and rate of development were evaluated along with four covariates (unaided pure-tone average, communication mode, gender, and estimated family income) as a function of age at implantation. Results In general, the developmental trajectories of children implanted earlier were significantly better than those of children implanted later. However, the advantage of implanting children before 1-yr old versus waiting until the child was between 1 and 2 yrs was small and only was evident in receptive language development, not expressive language or word recognition development. Age at implantation did not significantly influence the rate of the word recognition development, but did influence the rate of both receptive and expressive language acquisition: children implanted earlier in life had faster rates of spoken language acquisition than children implanted later in life. Conclusions Although in general earlier cochlear implantation led to better outcomes, there were few differences in outcome between the small sample of six children implanted before 12 mos of age and those implanted at 13 to 24 mos. Significant performance differences remained among the other age groups despite accounting for potential confounds. Further, oral language dev...

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“…Studies with adults indicate that spatial cues do help in separating different streams of speech (Broadbent, 1954;Cherry, 1953;Hirsh, 1950;Pollack & Pickett, 1958;Poulton, 1953;Spieth et aI., 1954). While less is known about infants' abilities, even very young infants will tum toward a source ofa sound (Clifton, Morrongiello, Kulig, & Dowd, 1981;Muir & Clifton, 1985;Muir & Field, 1979), suggesting some ability to localize. Hence, it is possible that information about the spatial location oftwo competing voices is helpful to them in separating speech streams in their normal environments.…”

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confidence: 99%

The cocktail party effect in infants

Newman

Jusczyk

1996

Perception & Psychophysics

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Most speech research with infants occurs in quiet laboratory rooms with no outside distractions. However, in the real world, speech directed to infants often occurs in the presence of other competing acoustic signals. To learn language, infants need to attend to their caregiver's speech even under less than ideal listening conditions. We examined 7.5-month-old infants' abilities to selectively attend to a female talker's voice when a male voice was talking simultaneously. In three experiments, infants heard a target voice repeating isolated words while a distractor voice spoke fluently at one of three different intensities. Subsequently, infants heard passages produced by the target voice containing either the familiar words or novel words. Infants listened longer to the familiar words when the target voice was 10dB or 5 dB more intense than the distractor, but not when the two voices were equally intense. In a fourth experiment, the assignment of words and passages to the familiarizationand testing phases was reversed so that the passages and distractors were presented simultaneously during familiarization, and the infants were tested on the familiar and unfamiliar isolated words. Duringfamiliarization, the passages were 10 dB more intense than the distractors. The results suggest that this may be at the limits of what infants at this age can do in separating two different streams of speech. In conclusion, infants have some capacity to extract information from speech even in the face of a competing acoustic voice.As adults, we are constantly faced with the problem of listening to one speaker amidst various other noises. Often, we have to deal with competition from other speakers as well. This is classically known as the cocktail party effect-an allusion to our ability to follow a conversation even in the midst ofa party environment, when many people are speaking simultaneously in a relatively small area ofspace. This type ofselective attention is related to a more general phenomenon known as streaming, which refers to our ability to group together sounds originating from one source and separate them from sounds originating from other sources.The cocktail party effect and streaming have been the subject ofextensive research since the 1950s. Listeners are known to separate different sound streams on the basis of a variety ofacoustic cues, such as location in space (Broadbent,

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Developmental Changes in Auditory Localization in Infancy

Cited by 37 publications

References 44 publications

Diagnostic challenges and safety considerations in cochlear implantation under the age of 12 months

Diagnostic challenges and safety considerations in cochlear implantation under the age of 12 months

An Exploratory Look at Pediatric Cochlear Implantation: Is Earliest Always Best?

The cocktail party effect in infants

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