Developmental Changes in Hemocyanin Expression in the Dungeness Crab, Cancer magister

Durstewitz, Gregor; Terwilliger, Nora B.

doi:10.1074/jbc.272.7.4347

Cited by 42 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Reverse transcription-PCR was carried out as in ref. 39. Degenerate PCR primers were designed based on the cryptocyanin N-terminal and CNBr fragment amino acid sequences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptocyanin, a crustacean molting protein: Evolutionary link with arthropod hemocyanins and insect hexamerins

Terwilliger

Dangott

Ryan

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Cryptocyanin, a copper-free hexameric protein in crab (Cancer magister) hemolymph, has been characterized and the amino acid sequence has been deduced from its cDNA. It is markedly similar in sequence, size, and structure to hemocyanin, the copper-containing oxygentransport protein found in many arthropods. Cryptocyanin does not bind oxygen, however, and lacks three of the six highly conserved copper-binding histidine residues of hemocyanin. Cryptocyanin has no phenoloxidase activity, although a phenoloxidase is present in the hemolymph. The concentration of cryptocyanin in the hemolymph is closely coordinated with the molt cycle and reaches levels higher than hemocyanin during premolt. Cryptocyanin resembles insect hexamerins in the lack of copper, molt cycle patterns of biosynthesis, and potential contributions to the new exoskeleton. Phylogenetic analysis of sequence similarities between cryptocyanin and other members of the hemocyanin gene family shows that cryptocyanin is closely associated with crustacean hemocyanins and suggests that cryptocyanin arose as a result of a hemocyanin gene duplication. The presence of both hemocyanin and cryptocyanin in one animal provides an example of how insect hexamerins might have evolved from hemocyanin. Our results suggest that multiple members of the hemocyanin gene family-hemocyanin, cryptocyanin, phenoloxidase, and hexamerins-may participate in two vital functions of molting animals, oxygen binding and molting. Cryptocyanin may provide important molecular data to further investigate evolutionary relationships among all molting animals.

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“…Reverse transcription-PCR was carried out as in ref. 39. Degenerate PCR primers were designed based on the cryptocyanin N-terminal and CNBr fragment amino acid sequences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptocyanin, a crustacean molting protein: Evolutionary link with arthropod hemocyanins and insect hexamerins

Terwilliger

Dangott

Ryan

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In some crustacean species, distinct hemocyanin subunits may only be present during certain developmental stages, or their synthesis is in response to certain physiological conditions (Markl and Decker, 1992;Durstewitz and Terwilliger, 1997). In this study, SpHc genes were found at various developmental stages.…”

Section: A B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Characterization of hemocyanin from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain and its expression analysis in different tissues, at various stages, and under Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Song³

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT.Hemocyanin is an important respiratory protein in many arthropod and mollusk species. Here, four cDNAs (SpHc1, SpHc2, SpHc3, and SpHc4), encoding distinct hemocyanin subunits from Scylla paramamosain were cloned using EST analyses and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The four full-length cDNA fragments (SpHc1-4) were 2281, 2002, 2184, and 2069 bp, respectively, and they encoded four putative proteins (570-676 amino acids) with a molecular mass of ~65.0-76.8 kDa. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that the four genes were mainly expressed in the hepatopancreas, testis, and hemocytes. SpHc mRNA expression during continuous developmental stages in zoeal phases (Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, and Z5), megalopa, and juvenile crab I stages were also detected. The expression levels of SpHc3 and SpHc4 were higher than that of SpHc1 and SpHc2 during the first six stages, and they sharply declined during the juvenile stage. After infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the temporal expression of both the four SpHc mRNAs in the megalopa stage rapidly declined during the first 3 h, followed by upregulation and peak expression at 12 h after the challenge. The expression levels of the four SpHc subunits were upregulated at 48 h after the challenge, and were then gradually downregulated. These findings suggest that hemocyanin may potentially be involved in the crab immune response, and that the role of the four subunits may differ in different tissues and during various developmental stages.

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“…During ontogenetic transitions and molting processes, however, these species demonstrate remarkable cases of intra-specific heterogeneity in Hc composition. C. magister and the American lobster Homarus americanus have been intensely investigated to disclose the sequential expression of different subunits and changes in dodecamers/hexamers ratio during ontogenesis (Terwilliger and Terwilliger, 1982;Terwilliger et al, 1986;Olson et al, 1988;Terwilliger and Brown, 1993;Brown and Terwilliger, 1998;Terwilliger and Dumler, 2001;Durstewitz and Terwilliger, 1997). The progressive recruitment of Hc chains during development demonstrated in C. magister shows four constitutive subunits at the stage of megalopa, an additional fifth subunit in the juvenile instars, and the definitive six bands phenotype in adult stages (Terwilliger and Brown, 1993).…”

Section: Intra-specific Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular heterogeneity of hemocyanin: Its role in the adaptive plasticity of Crustacea

Giomi

Beltramini

2007

Gene

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Developmental Changes in Hemocyanin Expression in the Dungeness Crab, Cancer magister

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

Cryptocyanin, a crustacean molting protein: Evolutionary link with arthropod hemocyanins and insect hexamerins

Cryptocyanin, a crustacean molting protein: Evolutionary link with arthropod hemocyanins and insect hexamerins

Characterization of hemocyanin from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain and its expression analysis in different tissues, at various stages, and under Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection

The molecular heterogeneity of hemocyanin: Its role in the adaptive plasticity of Crustacea

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