Developmental changes of association strength and categorical relatedness on semantic processing in the brain

Chou, Tai‐Li; Wong, Ciao-Han; Chen, Shiou-Yuan; Fan, Li-Ying; Booth, James R.

doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2018.12.006

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Thematic relations are based on association strength, and these relations show greater activation in the IFG and MTG in TD youths. In contrast, taxonomic relations are based on shared features to form category, and these relations show greater activation in the left occipitotemporal cortex and precuneus in TD youths (Chou et al, 2019). As compared to TD youths, ASD youths had less IFG and MTG activation for association strength and less occipitotemporal and precuneus activation for categorical relatedness (Wong, Gau, & Chou, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The total scanning time was 4.5-min. The structural imaging parameters were the same as our prior study (Appendix S1; Chou et al, 2019). The task was administered in a pseudorandom order for all participants, in which the orders of related, unrelated, perceptual, and baseline trials were optimized for event-related design (Burock, Buckner, Woldorff, Rosen, & Dale, 1998).…”

Section: Mri Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The left posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG, BA 21) is considered a core node in the organization of semantic knowledge (Chou, Wong, Chen, Fan, & Booth, 2019), storing representations across modalities (Hickok & Poeppel, 2007). Greater MTG activation is associated with the representation of verbal semantic information in TD children (Chou, Chen, Fan, Chen, & Booth, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental differences in neural connectivity for semantic processing in youths with autism

Fan

Booth

Liu

et al. 2021

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background: Youths with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) rely more on lower-level visual processing as revealed by greater occipital activation, yet less effectively engage higher-level processing of modality-independent semantic knowledge as indicated by reduced frontal activation, compared to typically developing (TD) youths. However, little is known about age-dependent differences in neural connectivity during semantic processing in youths with ASD as compared to TD youths. Methods: Four groups were recruited: 31 ASD children (mean age = 10.5 years old), 33 TD children (mean age = 10.4), 30 ASD adolescents (mean age = 14.9), and 34 TD adolescents (mean age = 15.1). We explored their differences in neural connectivity by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with psychophysiological interaction (PPI) during semantic judgments. Results: In comparison with TD children, children with ASD showed greater activation in the left cuneus and weaker connectivity between the left cuneus and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). In comparison with TD adolescents, adolescents with ASD showed less activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and weaker functional connectivity between the left IFG and left MTG. Conclusions: Children with ASD may rely more on visual processes in the occipital cortex that are disconnected from modality-independent semantics in the temporal cortex. However, adolescents with ASD may less effectively engage frontal mechanisms involved in the top-down control of modality-independent semantic knowledge in the temporal cortex. Our findings provide evidence of developmental differences in the neural substrates of the alterations in semantic processing in youths with ASD compared to TD youths.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Mri Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental differences in neural connectivity for semantic processing in youths with autism

Fan

Booth

Liu

et al. 2021

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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“…As most imaging studies of semantic processing in learning Chinese focus on short-term influences (review in Chung et al, 2019 ), the present study chooses to examine long-term effects on the ventral pathway (i.e., longer than 5years). The chosen learning length of 5years is based on previous imaging studies of semantic development in Chinese using cross-sectional ( Lee et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Fan et al, 2020 ) and longitudinal approaches ( Lee et al, 2016 ; Chou et al, 2019 ; Fan et al, 2021 ). The long-term learning places substantial impacts on the ventral pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-Cognitive Differences in Semantic Processing Between Native Speakers and Proficient Learners of Mandarin Chinese

et al. 2021

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The present study aimed to investigate the neural mechanism underlying semantic processing in Mandarin Chinese adult learners, focusing on the learners who were Indo-European language speakers with advanced levels of proficiency in Mandarin Chinese. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging technique and a semantic judgment task to test 24 Mandarin Chinese adult learners (L2 group) and 26 Mandarin Chinese adult native speakers (L1 group) as a control group. In the task, participants were asked to indicate whether two-character pairs were related in meaning. Compared to the L1 group, the L2 group had greater activation in the bilateral occipital regions, including the fusiform gyrus and middle occipital gyrus, as well as the right superior parietal lobule. On the other hand, less activation in the bilateral temporal regions was found in the L2 group relative to the L1 group. Correlation analysis further revealed that, within the L2 group, increased activation in the left middle temporal gyrus/superior temporal gyrus (M/STG, BA 21) was correlated with higher accuracy in the semantic judgment task as well as better scores in the two vocabulary tests, the Assessment of Chinese character list for grade 3 to grade 9 (A39) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. In addition, functional connectivity analysis showed that connectivity strength between the left fusiform gyrus and left ventral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, BA 47) was modulated by the accuracy in the semantic judgment task in the L1 group. By contrast, this modulation effect was weaker in the L2 group. Taken together, our study suggests that Mandarin Chinese adult learners rely on greater recruitment of the bilateral occipital regions to process orthographic information to access the meaning of Chinese characters. Also, our correlation results provide convergent evidence that the left M/STG (BA 21) plays a crucial role in the storage of semantic knowledge for readers to access to conceptual information. Moreover, the connectivity results indicate that the left ventral pathway (left fusiform gyrus-left ventral IFG) is associated with orthographic-semantic processing in Mandarin Chinese. However, this semantic-related ventral pathway might require more time and language experience to be developed, especially for the late adult learners of Mandarin Chinese.

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“…Nevertheless, a number of studies have successfully used fMRI to investigate the development of semantic processing, providing preliminary evidence for how and when the neurobiological architecture for processing meaning comes about during childhood. In these studies, children were typically scanned while probing their semantic world knowledge (e.g., by asking the child to name an object after hearing its description or to decide if a certain word refers to something animate or inanimate; e.g., Balsamo et al, 2006), their judgements of the semantic relatedness between concepts (e.g., by asking the child if two sequentially presented words or pictures were related to one another or not; e.g., Chou et al, 2019), or their viewing of different semantic categories of visual objects (e.g., by having the child perform a visual detection task while passively viewing images of human faces, tools, and scenes; e.g., Scherf et al, 2007). At this point, synthesizing these heterogeneous efforts meta-analytically is becoming important (a) to distinguish between consistent and potentially spurious findings, (b) to identify the similarities and differences between different aspects of semantic cognition (i.e., between different task categories), and (c) to identify differences in the semantic system between children and adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies of Semantic Cognition in Children

Enge

Rahman

Skeide³

2021

Preprint

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Our capacity to derive meaning from things that we see and words that we hear is unparalleled in other animal species and current AI systems. Despite a wealth of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on where different semantic features are processed in the adult brain, the development of these systems in children is poorly understood. Here we conducted an extensive database search and identified 50 fMRI experiments investigating semantic world knowledge, semantic relatedness judgments, and the differentiation of visual semantic object categories in children (total N = 1,018, mean age = 10.1 years, range 4-15 years). Synthesizing the results of these experiments, we found consistent activation in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri (IFG), fusiform gyri (FG), and supplementary motor areas (SMA), as well as in the left middle and superior temporal gyri (MTG/STG). Within this system, we found little evidence for age-related changes across childhood and high overlap with the adult semantic system. In sum, the identification of these cortical areas provides the starting point for further research on the mechanisms by which the developing brain learns to make sense of its environment.

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Developmental changes of association strength and categorical relatedness on semantic processing in the brain

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Developmental differences in neural connectivity for semantic processing in youths with autism

Developmental differences in neural connectivity for semantic processing in youths with autism

Neuro-Cognitive Differences in Semantic Processing Between Native Speakers and Proficient Learners of Mandarin Chinese

A Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies of Semantic Cognition in Children

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