Developmental changes of static standing balance in children

Rival, Christina; Ceyte, Hadrien; Olivier, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.11.042

Cited by 144 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In accordance with the literature (Woollacott et al 1987;Sundermier et al 2001;Rival et al 2005), the present results showed a non-monotonic improvement of postural stability during childhood. More specifically, maximal amplitude and mean velocity of CoP displacements decreased between 4-5 and 6-7 years, reached a plateau around the ages of 6-11 years, and decreased again between 10-11 years and adult age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…More specifically, maximal amplitude and mean velocity of CoP displacements decreased between 4-5 and 6-7 years, reached a plateau around the ages of 6-11 years, and decreased again between 10-11 years and adult age. These results confirmed that (1) the improvement of postural control during childhood is characterized by a decreasing magnitude (i.e., Hatzitaki et al 2002), and frequency (i.e., Figura et al 1991) of postural sway, (2) the period of 8-11 years can be considered as a critical period (Rival et al 2005) resulting from an integration of the reactive and predictive modes of postural control (Riach and Starkes 1994), from a better integration of sensory information (Baumberger et al 2004), and from the apparition of adult-like balance control strategies characterized by a head-trunk coordination (Assaiante and Amblard 1995), and (3) the adults' level is still not reached at the age of 11.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Regarding postural capacity, most of the authors observed an improvement of postural stability during childhood (Kirshenbaum et al 2001;Sundermier et al 2001). For example, Rival et al (2005) showed that the maximal amplitude of the center of foot pressure (CoP) decreases in a non-monotonic way, and that the mean speed of the CoP decreases linearly between 6 and 10 years of age. The existence of a critical period around the age of 7, characterized by a change of postural strategy looking more and more similar to that adopted by the adults, is now well established (Assaiante and Amblard 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of attentional focus on postural sway in children and adults

2008

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The present study examined, in children aged 4-11 and in adults, the postural control modifications when attention was oriented voluntary on postural sway. Since (1) there are less attentional resources in children than in adults, (2) the selective attention processing improves with age, i.e., children use a different strategy to focus their attention than adults, and (3) adults' postural stability decreases when attention is focused on postural sway, we hypothesized that postural stability was less affected in children than in adults when attention was focused on postural sway. Fourty four children aged 4-to 11-year-old and 11 adults participated in the experiments. The postural control task was executed in a Romberg position. Two experimental conditions were presented to the subjects, (1) to look at a video on a TV screen without instruction about the posture, and (2) to fixate a cross placed at the center of the TV screen with the instruction to remain as stable as possible. Postural performance was measured by means of a force platform. Results from this study (1) confirmed a non-monotonic improvement of postural stability during the ontogenetic period without reaching the adults' level at the age of 11, (2) suggested that children, aged 4-11, are able to focus their attention on the control of posture, and (3) showed that the automatic control of posture increases postural stability since the age of 4.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of attentional focus on postural sway in children and adults

2008

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“…They can adversely affect their development, including the balance system. In the period from birth to 7 years of age, there is an active increase in perceptual abilities and development of a sense of balance [9,34,35]. Equilibrium is the state of the postural system which is characterized by vertical posture obtained by balancing the forces affecting the body [33,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balance in children born prematurely currently aged 6–7

Dziuba

Drzał–Grabiec

Truszczyńska-Baszak

et al. 2017

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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SummaryStudy aim: Premature birth is one of the major problems of obstetrics, leading to numerous complications that are associated with prematurity, for instance balance disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of premature birth on the ability to maintain balance in children commencing their school education. Material and methods:The study included children aged 6-7 years. The study group consisted of 59 children (31 girls and 28 boys, mean age 6.38 ± SD 0.73) born prematurely between 24 and 35 weeks of gestation. The control group consisted of 61 children (28 girls and 33 boys, mean age 6.42 ± 0.58) born at term. The research utilized standardized test tools -one-leg openeyed and closed-eyed standing test, one-leg jumping test -and an original questionnaire survey. Results: The children born at term achieved better results in the majority of tests. The comparison of girls and boys born prematurely and at term showed no statistically significant difference between them in terms of dynamic balance, static balance or total balance control. The comparison of the tests performed on the right and left lower limb in prematurely born children showed no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Premature birth affects the ability to maintain body balance. The results of the study indicate the need to develop coordination skills that shape body balance in prematurely born children.

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“…The efficiency of the cognitive mechanisms (Kirshenbaum et al, 2001;Olivier et al, 2008) and postural stability (Rival et al, 2005) improve during childhood, with a turning point occurring at 7-8 years of age for postural stability (Olivier et al, 2007;Rival et al, 2005). For example, Blanchard et al (2005) observed a longer CoP path length when performing a concurrent cognitive task (i.e., reading aloud and counting backward) between 8 and 10 years of age as compared to adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural control and attentional demand during adolescence

2010

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In the present study we aimed to determine the attentional cost of postural control during adolescence by studying the influence of a cognitive task on concurrent postural control. 38 teenagers aged 12 to 17 years and 13 young adults (mean age = 26.1) stood barefoot on a force platform in a semi-tandem position. A dual-task paradigm consisted of performing a Stroop or a COUNTING BACKWARD task while simultaneously standing quietly on a firm or foam support surface. Different centre of pressure (CoP) measures were calculated (90% confidence ellipse area, mean velocity, root mean square on the antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) axes). The number and percentage of correct responses in the cognitive tasks were also recorded. Our results indicate (1) higher values of surface, ML mean velocity and ML RMS in the COUNTING BACKWARD task in adolescents aged 12 to 15 than in teenagers aged 16 to 17 and in adults, regardless of the complexity of the postural task and, (2) better cognitive performances in the Stroop than in the COUNTING BACKWARD task. The difference in the dual-task performance between the different age groups and particularly the existence of a turning point around 14-15 years of age might be due to 1) difficulties in properly allocating attentional resources to two simultaneous tasks and/or, 2) the inability to manage increased cognitive requests because of a limited information processing capacity in adolescents aged 14-15 years. IntroductionAlthough it has often been argued that undisturbed quiet standing is automatically regulated, several studies using dual-task paradigms demonstrated a clear link between the regulation of sway and higher-order processes (Lajoie et al., 1993). Even in young adults, a minimum amount of attention is required to stand upright. The more challenging the postural task (e.g., feet-together or unipedal stance), the greater the required attentional resources (Dault et al., 2001). Cognitive (e.g., reading, counting backward, and spelling words) and postural tasks (e.g., upright stance and one-leg balance) require common cognitive mechanisms that involve a conflicting relationship when both tasks are performed simultaneously (Kerr et al., 1985). Increasing the level of difficulty of the cognitive task involves either increased (Blanchard et al., 2005), decreased (Andersson et al., 2002) or unchanged (Kerr et al., 1985) centre of foot pressure (CoP) excursions. Conversely, the performance of the cognitive task (e.g., backward counting and reaction-time task) can be compromised by a simultaneous control of quiet stance in adults with calf vibration (Andersson et al., 2002), on a beam (Barra et al., 2006) or with suppression or perturbation of sensory information in the elderly . The

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Developmental changes of static standing balance in children

Cited by 144 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of attentional focus on postural sway in children and adults

Effects of attentional focus on postural sway in children and adults

Balance in children born prematurely currently aged 6–7

Postural control and attentional demand during adolescence

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