Developmental characteristics of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactive neurons in fetal to adolescent human brains

Ohyu, Junkou; Takashima, Sachio

doi:10.1016/s0165-3806(98)00107-2

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Our own findings (Judaš et al 1999; this study), as well as the findings of others (Yan et al 1996a;Yan & Ribak, 1997;Ohyu & Takashima, 1998), clearly demonstrate that nitrinergic human subplate neurons appear at 14-15 PCW and that they represent the most prominent population of nitrinergic cortical neurons during the entire prenatal and postnatal development. The presence of a significant population of nitrinergic neurons within the subcortical white matter has been reported in almost all studies of the adult mammalian neocortex (for review, see Judaš et al 1999).…”

Section: Nitrinergic Subplate and Interstitial Neuronssupporting

confidence: 84%

Populations of subplate and interstitial neurons in fetal and adult human telencephalon

et al. 2010

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In the adult human telencephalon, subcortical (gyral) white matter contains a special population of interstitial neurons considered to be surviving descendants of fetal subplate neurons [Kostovic & Rakic (1980) Cytology and the time of origin of interstitial neurons in the white matter in infant and adult human and monkey telencephalon. J Neurocytol 9, 219]. We designate this population of cells as superficial (gyral) interstitial neurons and describe their morphology and distribution in the postnatal and adult human cerebrum. Human fetal subplate neurons cannot be regarded as interstitial, because the subplate zone is an essential part of the fetal cortex, the major site of synaptogenesis and the 'waiting' compartment for growing cortical afferents, and contains both projection neurons and interneurons with distinct input-output connectivity. However, although the subplate zone is a transient fetal structure, many subplate neurons survive postnatally as superficial (gyral) interstitial neurons. The fetal white matter is represented by the intermediate zone and well-defined deep periventricular tracts of growing axons, such as the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, internal and external capsule, and the fountainhead of the corona radiata. These tracts gradually occupy the territory of transient fetal subventricular and ventricular zones.The human fetal white matter also contains distinct populations of deep fetal interstitial neurons, which, by virtue of their location, morphology, molecular phenotypes and advanced level of dendritic maturation, remain distinct from subplate neurons and neurons in adjacent structures (e.g. basal ganglia, basal forebrain). We describe the morphological, histochemical (nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase) and immunocytochemical (neuron-specific nuclear protein, microtubuleassociated protein-2, calbindin, calretinin, neuropeptide Y) features of both deep fetal interstitial neurons and deep (periventricular) interstitial neurons in the postnatal and adult deep cerebral white matter (i.e. corpus callosum, anterior commissure, internal and external capsule and the corona radiata ⁄ centrum semiovale). Although these deep interstitial neurons are poorly developed or absent in the brains of rodents, they represent a prominent feature of the significantly enlarged white matter of human and non-human primate brains.

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Section: Nitrinergic Subplate and Interstitial Neuronssupporting

confidence: 84%

Populations of subplate and interstitial neurons in fetal and adult human telencephalon

et al. 2010

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“…nNOS and eNOS have been localized to discrete areas in the adult brain, including the dipsogenic centers (2,39). In human fetal brain, the distribution of nNOS neurons is similar to that found in the adult brain; however, the overall density is higher in the fetus (26). Thus nNOS in fetal life may contribute to neuronal maturation and play an important role in the development of human brain functions, including the high rate of fetal swallowing activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Neuronal NO modulates spontaneous and ANG II-stimulated fetal swallowing behavior in the near-term ovine fetus

El-Haddad

Chao

et al. 2002

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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. Neuronal NO modulates spontaneous and ANG II-stimulated fetal swallowing behavior in the near-term ovine fetus. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 282: R1521-R1527, 2002; 10.1152/ajpregu. 00229.2001.-Spontaneous fetal swallowing occurs at a markedly higher rate compared with spontaneous adult drinking activity. This high rate of fetal swallowing is critical for amniotic fluid volume regulation. Central NO is critical for maintaining the normal rate of fetal swallowing, as nonselective inhibition of NO (with central N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) suppresses spontaneous and angiotensin II (ANG II)-stimulated swallowing. We sought to differentiate the contributions of central endothelial vs. neuronal NO in the regulation of spontaneous and stimulated fetal swallowing, using a selective neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) inhibitor. Six time-dated pregnant ewes and fetuses were chronically prepared with fetal vascular and intracerebroventricular (icv) catheters and electrocorticogram (ECoG) and esophageal electromyogram electrodes and studied at 130 Ϯ 1 days of gestation. After an initial 2-h baseline period (0-2 h), the selective nNOS inhibitor Npropyl-L-arginine (NPLA) was injected icv (2-4 h). At 4 h, the dose of NPLA was repeated, together with ANG II, and fetal swallowing was monitored for a final 2 h. Four fetuses also received an identical control study (on an alternate day) in which NPLA was replaced with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Suppression of nNOS by icv NPLA significantly reduced mean (Ϯ SE) spontaneous fetal swallowing (1.35 Ϯ 0.12 to 0.50 Ϯ 0.07 swallows/min; P Ͻ 0.001). Injection of ANG II in the presence of NPLA had no dipsogenic effect on fetal swallowing (0.68 Ϯ 0.09 swallows/min). In the aCSF study, icv aCSF did not change fetal swallowing (0.93 Ϯ 0.10 vs. 0.95 Ϯ 0.09 swallows/min), whereas icv ANG II resulted in a significant increase in the rate of fetal swallowing (2.0 Ϯ 0.04 swallows/ min; P ϭ 0.001). We speculate that the suppressive dipsogenic effects of central NPLA indicate that spontaneous and ANG IIstimulated fetal swallowing is dependent on central nNOS activity. amniotic fluid; angiotensin II THIRST AND APPETITE-MEDIATED ingestive behavior develop and are likely imprinted in utero, thus preparing for newborn and adult ingestive behavior. Fetal swallowing activity is markedly different from that of the adult, as basal fetal swallowing occurs at a markedly (6-fold) higher rate compared with basal adult drinking activity after body weight differences are adjusted for (35). This high rate of basal fetal swallowing is critical for the regulation of amniotic fluid volume (30) and the development of the fetal gastrointestinal tract. Disordered fetal swallowing has been associated with both a decrease (oligohydramnios) and an increase (polyhydramnios) in amniotic fluid volume (11, 18). Both conditions are associated with a significant increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality, and limited treatment modalities are currently available. However, the mechanisms under...

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“…In the developing brain, data concerning NOS enzyme activity, NOS proteins or mRNAs of the NOS isoforms have been reported in different mammalian species (Derer and Derer, 1993;Gorbatyuk et al, 1997;Keilhoff et al, 1996;Kimura et al, 1999;Lizasoain et al, 1996;Northington et al, 1996;Oerman et al, 1999;Takemura et al, 1996;Terada et al, 1996Terada et al, , 2001Töpel et al, 1998;Wang et al, 1998), including human (Downen et al, 1999;Ohyu and Takashima, 1998;Yan and Ribak, 1997). The detailed early ontogeny of specific nNOS immunoreactive systems has been reported in the rat brain (Terada et al, 1996).…”

Section: Ontogeny Of Nnos and Temporal Correlations With Cgmpmentioning

confidence: 99%

The early ontogeny of neuronal nitric oxide synthase systems in the zebrafish

Holmqvist

Ellingsen

Forsell

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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nNOS mRNA expression started at 20·h.p.f. and ended at 55·h.p.f. Between 40 and 55·h.p.f., nNOS mRNA expression started in peripheral organs, forming distinct populations after hatching within or in the vicinity of the presumptive swim bladder, enteric ganglia, and along the alimentary tract and nephritic ducts. Expression of nNOS mRNA correlated with the neuronal differentiation pattern and with the timing and degree of cGMP production.These studies indicate spatio-temporal actions by NO during embryogenesis in the formation of the central and peripheral nervous system, with possible involvement in processes such as neurogenesis, organogenesis and early physiology.

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Developmental characteristics of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactive neurons in fetal to adolescent human brains

Cited by 38 publications

References 50 publications

Populations of subplate and interstitial neurons in fetal and adult human telencephalon

Populations of subplate and interstitial neurons in fetal and adult human telencephalon

Neuronal NO modulates spontaneous and ANG II-stimulated fetal swallowing behavior in the near-term ovine fetus

The early ontogeny of neuronal nitric oxide synthase systems in the zebrafish

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