Developmental, Cytogenetic and Biochemical Effects of Spiked or Environmentally Polluted Sediments in Sea Urchin Bioassays

Pagano, Giovanni; Korkina, Liudmila; Iaccarino, Mario; Biase, A. De; Deeva, Irina; Doronin, Yu. K.; Guida, Marco; Melluso, G.; Meriç, Süreyya; Oral, Rahime; Trieff, Norman M.; Warnau, Michel

doi:10.1016/b978-044482913-9/50007-9

Cited by 18 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For each treatment schedule, 100 plutei were scored for the frequencies of: (1) normal (N) larvae, according to their symmetry, shape, and size; (2) retarded (R) larvae with shape and symmetry the same as normal, but with reduced size (\1/2 with respect to N); (3) malformed larvae (P1), affected in skeletal and/or gut differentiation and/or pigmentation; and (4) pre-larval arrest (P2), embryos unable to go to larval differentiation, as abnormal blastula or gastrulae (Pagano et al 2001). The viability of embryos (P2, P1, R, and N) was evaluated at microscope observation.…”

Section: Toxicity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic effects of pentachlorophenol, azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos on the development of Paracentrotus lividus embryos

et al. 2011

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The application of many current-use pesticides has increased after the disuse of persistent, bioaccumulative or toxic ones as DDT or chlordane. Many of the used pesticides are considered less dangerous towards the environment for their physico-chemical properties. This study investigated the toxic effects of three current-use pesticides, pentachlorophenol (PCP), azinphos-methyl (AZM), and chlorpyrifos, on Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus early development and offspring quality. The experimental results showed that the most toxic pesticides were PCP and AZM at EC50 level. Nevertheless at low concentration PCP resulted the less toxic compound and showed EC1 value more protective than NOEC. PCP at high concentration seemed to modify cytoskeleton assembly, while at low concentrations, it could alter the deposition of the larval skeleton. OPs at low concentrations until 300 μg/l showed a similar toxicological behaviour with a trend corresponding to the pesticide concentrations. At high concentration (500 μg/l) the effect mainly observed was the embryos pre-larval arrest. This investigation highlighted the relevance to evaluate, in coastal seawaters, the levels of the used pesticides to understand the real impact on benthic populations mainly in sites characterized by intensive agriculture or floriculture activities, such as the coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea.

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Section: Toxicity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic effects of pentachlorophenol, azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos on the development of Paracentrotus lividus embryos

et al. 2011

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“…The ehir facilities are an exception due to their distance ( '200 km) from the coast; hence, the two holding ponds are used as dumping sites. A second, more general argument relates to the utilization of the sea urchin test system in a variety of subjects and substrates, e.g., in testing pharmaceutical drugs, industrial chemicals, and complex mixtures not con"ned to the marine environment, e.g., river sediment and industrial sludge (Pagano and Trie!, 1992;Pagano et al, 1993Pagano et al, , 2000Graillet et al, 1993;Trie! et al, 1995).…”

Section: Sea Urchin Toxicity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Bauxite Manufacturing By-products in Sea Urchin Embryos

Pagano

Meriç

Biase

et al. 2002

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…The utilization of sea urchin bioassays in toxicity testing unconfined to marine pollution may be justified by the following facts. First, since the earliest reports, sea urchin embryos have been used either to evaluate marine pollution (e.g., seawater or sediment quality) or to test toxicity of a number of xenobiotics and nonmarine complex mixtures (e.g., pharmaceutical drugs or plant effluents), reviewed in [6,7]; in addition, in this series of studies, the red sludge may be viewed either as an aquatic or as a terrestrial pollutant, according to whether it is disposed offshore or in a lake or whether it is released in dry form as a solid residue from the plant [2][3][4][5]. Hence, both the extensive toxicological background studies and their continuity with our previous studies of bauxite sludge prompted us to verify whether and to what extent bauxite solid residues exerted any comparable toxicity to sea urchin embryogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bauxite Manufacturing Residues From Gardanne (France) and Portovesme (Italy) Exert Different Patterns of Pollution and Toxicity to Sea Urchin Embryos

Pagano¹,

Biase²,

Iaccarino³

et al. 2002

Environ Toxicol Chem

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This study was designed to investigate the composition and toxicity of solid residues from bauxite manufacturing plants. Soil and dust samples were collected in the proximity of two bauxite plants (Gardanne, France, and Portovesme, Italy). Samples were analyzed for their content of some selected inorganic contaminants by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) either following acid digestion procedures or by seawater release of soluble components. Toxicity was tested by sea urchin bioassays to evaluate a set of toxicity endpoints including acute embryotoxicity, developmental defects, changes in sperm fertilization success, transmissible damage from sperm to the offspring, and cytogenetic abnormalities. Inorganic analysis showed two distinct sets of inorganic contaminants in Gardanne versus Portovesme, including Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ti, and Zn; sample composition (seawater-soluble contaminants) and toxicity showed a noteworthy association. The most severe toxicity to embryogenesis and to sperm fertilization success was exerted by some Portovesme samples (0.03-0.5% w/v), with a significant association between toxicity and dose-related seawater release of Zn, Pb, and Mn. Seawater extraction of a toxic dust sample (G20) from the Gardanne factory showed increasing seawater release of Al, Fe, and Mn; the G20 sample, at the level of 0.5%, affected both developing sea urchin embryos and sperm (offspring quality). Soil samples around the Gardanne factory showed the highest frequency of toxic soil sites eastward from the factory. The present data point to solid deposition from bauxite plants as a potential subject of environmental health concern. The results suggest that extraction methods for evaluating the toxicity of complex mixtures should be based on the environmental availability of mixture components. The differences in sample toxicity among the tested sites, however, suggest possible site-to-site variability in geochemical and/or technological parameters.

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Developmental, Cytogenetic and Biochemical Effects of Spiked or Environmentally Polluted Sediments in Sea Urchin Bioassays

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Toxic effects of pentachlorophenol, azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos on the development of Paracentrotus lividus embryos

Toxic effects of pentachlorophenol, azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos on the development of Paracentrotus lividus embryos

Toxicity of Bauxite Manufacturing By-products in Sea Urchin Embryos

Bauxite Manufacturing Residues From Gardanne (France) and Portovesme (Italy) Exert Different Patterns of Pollution and Toxicity to Sea Urchin Embryos

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