Developmental differences in baserate estimates of social behaviors and attitudes

Jacobs, Janis E.; Greenwald, Jessica P.; Osgood, D. Wayne

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.1995.tb00058.x

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Although it is difficult to pinpoint why this occurred, this result might fit in with children's ability to integrate frequencies and base rates into their decision making. Although there is evidence that children can accurately estimate the frequencies of stimuli encountered in a lab settings (e.g., N. R. Ellis, Palmer, & Reese, 1988), they are less able to make use of frequencies for naturally occurring events (e.g., Jacobs, Greenwald, & Osgood, 1995). Klaczynski (2001) suggested that estimation and general statistical reasoning abilities continue to develop steadily through adolescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective age-of-acquisition norms for 600 Turkish words from four age groups

2016

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The main purpose of this study was to report agebased subjective age-of-acquisition (AoA) norms for 600 Turkish words. A total of 115 children, 100 young adults, 115 middle-aged adults, and 127 older adults provided AoA estimates for 600 words on a 7-point scale. The intraclass correlations suggested high reliability, and the AoA estimates were highly correlated across the four age groups. Children gave earlier AoA estimates than the three adult groups; this was true for high-frequency as well as low-frequency words. In addition to the means and standard deviations of the AoA estimates, we report word frequency, concreteness, and imageability ratings, as well as word length measures (numbers of syllables and letters), for the 600 words as supplemental materials. The present ratings represent a potentially useful database for researchers working on lexical processing as well as other aspects of cognitive processing, such as autobiographical memory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective age-of-acquisition norms for 600 Turkish words from four age groups

2016

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“…This measure assessed the understanding of social norms (16 items), and was adopted from Loeber (1989) and Jacobs et al (1995) . Participants first endorsed whether or not it is “sometimes OK” to engage in several behaviors that may be deemed undesirable (e.g., to steal under certain circumstances).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision-making competence predicts domain-specific risk attitudes

2015

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Decision-making competence (DMC) reflects individual differences in rational responding across several classic behavioral decision-making tasks. Although it has been associated with real-world risk behavior, less is known about the degree to which DMC contributes to specific components of risk attitudes. Utilizing a psychological risk-return framework, we examined the associations between risk attitudes and DMC. Italian community residents (n = 804) completed an online DMC measure, using a subset of the original Adult-DMC battery. Participants also completed a self-reported risk attitude measure for three components of risk attitudes (risk-taking, risk perceptions, and expected benefits) across six risk domains. Overall, greater performance on the DMC component scales were inversely, albeit modestly, associated with risk-taking tendencies. Structural equation modeling results revealed that DMC was associated with lower perceived expected benefits for all domains. In contrast, its association with perceived risks was more domain-specific. These analyses also revealed stronger indirect effects for the DMC → expected benefits → risk-taking path than the DMC → perceived risk → risk-taking path, especially for behaviors that may be considered more maladaptive in nature. These results suggest that DMC performance differentially impacts specific components of risk attitudes, and may be more strongly related to the evaluation of expected value of a specific behavior.

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“…The second task assesses individuals' ability to judge likelihood, using a strategy following Jacobs et al (1995) and Loeber (1989). Respondents first answered 16 questions, asking whether they ''think it is sometimes OK'' to engage in various negative behaviors (e.g., ''using your fists to resolve a conflict'').…”

Section: Operationalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision‐making competence: External validation through an individual‐differences approach

Parker

Fischhoff

2005

Behavioral Decision Making

381

442

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This study asks to what extent (a) individuals show consistent performance differences across typical behavioral decision-making tasks, and (b) how those differences correlate with plausible real-world correlates of good decision making. Seven tasks, chosen to span the domain of decision-making skills, were administered to participants in an ongoing longitudinal study providing extensive social, psychological, and behavioral measures. Performance scores on individual tasks generally showed small, positive inter-task correlations. An aggregate measure of decision-making competence (DMC) was appropriately correlated with plausible sources, concomitants, and outcomes of good decision making, suggesting the underlying construct's external validity. Higher DMC scores were associated with more intact social environments, more constructive cognitive styles, and fewer 'maladaptive' risk behaviors. In each case, DMC adds to the predictive validity of general measures of cognitive ability. These results suggest that poor decision making on common laboratory tasks is related to real-world antecedents and consequences of poor decision making.

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Developmental differences in baserate estimates of social behaviors and attitudes

Cited by 20 publications

References 83 publications

Subjective age-of-acquisition norms for 600 Turkish words from four age groups

Subjective age-of-acquisition norms for 600 Turkish words from four age groups

Decision-making competence predicts domain-specific risk attitudes

Decision‐making competence: External validation through an individual‐differences approach

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