This study identified variables that were related to success and failure in developmental mathematics in eight Illinois community colleges. A discriminant analysis identified the following variables as discriminators in the total population (N = 513): numerical skills, instructional method, age, self-assessment of knowledge of mathematics and attitude toward mathematics. In the traditional instruction group (N = 250), self-assessment of knowledge of mathematics, age, and numerical skills were discriminators, while in the nontraditional instruction group (N = 263,), numerical skills, age, and self-assessment of attitude toward mathematics discriminated between success and failure. Finally, the educational implications of the results are discussed, and a composite description of the successful developmental mathematics student is presented.