Developmental exposure of zebrafish larvae to organophosphate flame retardants causes neurotoxicity

Sun, Liwei; Xu, Wenbin; Peng, Tao; Chen, Haigang; Lin, Rong; Tan, Hao; Xiao, Dan; Qian, Haifeng; Fu, Zhengwei

doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2016.03.003

Cited by 130 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Prior to elution and to ensure removal of water, cartridges were air-dried under vacuum (15 min) or water was displaced adding then 250 μL of methanol. Four volumes of methanol (1:1) were tested (5,8,15, and 20 mL) as elution solvent. Samples were evaporated to dryness, redissolved with 250 μL of methanol, and sonicated for 2 min.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, four volumes of methanol as elution solvent were tested (5,8,15, and 20 mL). The best recoveries (78-117%, data not shown) were obtained with 8 mL.…”

Section: Optimization Of Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is still insufficient knowledge related to PFRs toxicity [4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, significant adverse effects were already reported for PFRs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of organophosphate flame retardants in soil and fish using ultrasound‐assisted extraction, solid‐phase clean‐up, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Lorenzo

Campo

Picó

2018

J of Separation Science

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A solid-liquid extraction method in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was developed and optimized for extraction and analysis of organophosphorus flame retardants in soil and fish. Methanol was chosen as the optimum extraction solvent, not only in terms of extraction efficiency, but also for its broader analyte coverage. The subsequent clean-up by solid-phase extraction is required to eliminate matrix coextractives and reduce matrix effects. Recoveries of the optimized method were 50-121% for soil and 47-123% for biota, both with high precision (RSDs <12% in soil and <23% in biota). The method limits of detection ranged from 0.06 to 0.20 ng/g dry weight and between 0.02 and 0.30 ng/g wet weight for soil and biota samples, respectively. However, samples with a high lipid content produce several problems as solid-phase extraction cartridge clogging that increase variability and analysis time. The method was successfully applied for the determination of organophosphorus flame retardants in soil and fish from L'Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain). Target compounds were detected in all soil and fish samples with values varying from 13.8 to 89.7 ng/g dry weight and from 3.3 to 53.0 ng/g wet weight, respectively.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, four volumes of methanol as elution solvent were tested (5,8,15, and 20 mL). The best recoveries (78-117%, data not shown) were obtained with 8 mL.…”

Section: Optimization Of Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determination of organophosphate flame retardants in soil and fish using ultrasound‐assisted extraction, solid‐phase clean‐up, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Lorenzo

Campo

Picó

2018

J of Separation Science

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“…For example, TPHP caused developmental and behavioral defects concomitant with significant acetylcholinesterase inhibition whereas TCEP, which had no significant effect on acetylcholinesterase activity, had much milder toxic effects (Sun et al, 2016b). Lack of significant effects of TCEP on acetylcholinesterase activity or transcription were also found in developing zebrafish (Sun et al, 2016a). Together, these studies indicate that the inactivity of TCEP in these different models may result from its inability to significantly inhibit acetylcholinesterase at the tested concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Screening for neurotoxic potential of 15 flame retardants using freshwater planarians

Zhang

Ireland

Sipes

et al. 2019

Preprint

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1Asexual freshwater planarians are an attractive invertebrate model for high-throughput 2 neurotoxicity screening, because they possess multiple quantifiable behaviors to assess distinct 3 neuronal functions. Planarians uniquely allow direct comparisons between developing and adult 4 animals to distinguish developmentally selective effects from general neurotoxicity. In this 5 study, we used our automated planarian screening platform to compare the neurotoxicity of 15 6 flame retardants (FRs), consisting of representative phased-out brominated (BFRs) and 7 replacement organophosphorus FRs (OPFRs). OPFRs have emerged as a proposed safer 8 alternative to BFRs; however, limited information is available on their health effects. We found 9 11 of the 15 FRs (3/6 BFRs, 7/8 OPFRs, and Firemaster 550) caused adverse effects in both 10 adult and developing planarians with similar nominal lowest-effect-levels for BFRs and OPFRs. 11This suggests that replacement OPFRs are comparably neurotoxic to the phased-out compounds. 12BFRs were primarily systemically toxic, whereas OPFRs, except Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate , 13 shared a behavioral phenotype in response to noxious heat at sublethal concentrations, indicating 14 specific neurotoxic effects. By directly comparing effects on adult and developing planarians, we 15 further found that one BFR (3,3',5,5'-Tetrabromobisphenol A) caused a developmental selective 16 defect. Together, these results demonstrate that our planarian screening platform yields high 17 content data resulting from assaying various behavioral and morphological endpoints, allowing 18 us to distinguish selective neurotoxic effects and effects specific to the developing nervous 19 system. Ten of these 11 bioactive FRs were previously found to be bioactive in other models, 20 including cell culture and alternative animal models (nematodes and zebrafish). This level of 21 concordance across different platforms emphasizes the urgent need for further evaluation of 22 OPFRs in mammalian systems. 23 3 1

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“…Very little is currently known about how exposure to OPFRs affect children’s neurodevelopment or social behaviors. Although data from experimental studies indicate that tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) and tris(1,3-dichloropropyl)phosphate (TDCPP) affect neurodevelopmental responses in experimental systems [32, 33]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional study of social behaviors in preschool children and exposure to flame retardants

et al. 2017

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BackgroundChildren are exposed to flame retardants from the built environment. Brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE) and organophosphate-based flame retardants (OPFRs) are associated with poorer neurocognitive functioning in children. Less is known, however, about the association between these classes of compounds and children’s emotional and social behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine if flame retardant exposure was associated with measurable differences in social behaviors among children ages 3–5 years.MethodsWe examined teacher-rated social behaviors measured using the Social Skills Improvement Rating Scale (SSIS) and personal exposure to flame retardants in children aged 3–5 years who attended preschool (n = 72). Silicone passive samplers worn for 7 days were used to assess personal exposure to 41 compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer. These concentrations were then summed into total BDE and total OPFR exposure prior to natural log transformation. Separate generalized additive models were used to evaluate the relationship between seven subscales of the SSIS and lnΣBDE or lnΣOPFR adjusting for other age, sex, adverse social experiences, and family context.ResultsAll children were exposed to a mixture of flame retardant compounds. We observed a dose dependent relationship between lnΣOPFR and two subscales where children with higher exposures were rated by their preschool teachers as having less responsible behavior (p = 0.07) and more externalizing behavior problems (p = 0.03). Additionally, children with higher lnΣBDE exposure were rated by teachers as less assertive (p = 0.007).ConclusionsWe observed a cross-sectional association between children’s exposure to flame retardant compounds and teacher-rated social behaviors among preschool-aged children. Children with higher flame retardant exposures exhibited poorer social skills in three domains that play an important role in a child’s ability to succeed academically and socially.

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Developmental exposure of zebrafish larvae to organophosphate flame retardants causes neurotoxicity

Cited by 130 publications

References 41 publications

Determination of organophosphate flame retardants in soil and fish using ultrasound‐assisted extraction, solid‐phase clean‐up, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Determination of organophosphate flame retardants in soil and fish using ultrasound‐assisted extraction, solid‐phase clean‐up, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Screening for neurotoxic potential of 15 flame retardants using freshwater planarians

Cross-sectional study of social behaviors in preschool children and exposure to flame retardants

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