Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) in Young People Leaving Care in England: A Study Profiling the Language, Literacy and Communication Abilities of Young People Transitioning from Care to Independence

Clegg, Judy; Crawford, Ellen; Spencer, Sarah; Matthews, David

doi:10.3390/ijerph18084107

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Overall receptive-expressive language was assessed by the Clinical Evaluation Language Fundamentals-5 th Ed., normed up to age 21 (Wiig et al, 2013). Age 21 norms were used for participants over age 21, per prior work on adults ages 18 to 49 (Botting, 2020; Clegg et al, 2021; Fidler et al, 2011). Receptive and expressive vocabulary were assessed by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-5 th Ed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Services in Minoritized Autistic Adolescents and Adults Varying in Language Skills

Girolamo,

Escobedo,

Ghali

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Racially and ethnically minoritized autistic individuals face intersectional disparities in access to services and research representation. Prior work tends to overlook individual preferences, lived expertise, and the of language skills in services. To address this gap, this community-based participatory study examines the presence and correlates of services in minoritized autistic adolescents and adults varying in language skills. Method: Participants (N = 73, ages 13-30, >50% with language scores ≤ -1.25 SD and ~30% with NVIQ < 70 to 84) completed a behavioral assessment protocol. Participants and caregivers completed questionnaires. Descriptive and regression analyses evaluated patterns and predictors of number of services received, unmet needs, and barriers. Results: Participants received multiple services yet had multiple unmet service needs and barriers. Effects of individual differences and social-ecological variables on services received, unmet needs, and barriers varied in presence and magnitude when using a categorical versus continuous approach to individual differences. Implications: While the number of services received and unmet needs were similar to prior work, examination of individual services, unmet needs, and barriers suggested differences. Effects point to nuance in experiences during the transition to adulthood and motivate use of participatory approaches to build the evidence base informing practice and advocacy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Services in Minoritized Autistic Adolescents and Adults Varying in Language Skills

Girolamo,

Escobedo,

Ghali

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…(CELF-5; Wiig et al, 2013). For participants over age 21, age 21 norms were used per prior studies of adults ages 18 to 49 (Botting, 2020; Clegg et al, 2021; Fidler et al, 2011). Characterizing measures included receptive and expressive vocabulary, as assessed by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-5 th Ed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-determination in minoritized autistic adolescents and adults

Girolamo,

Birmingham,

Patel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Self-determination plays an important role in outcomes in autism and shows intersectional disparities. Yet, little is known about the role of individual differences or social drivers of health in the development of self-determination. Understanding these factors is key for developing effective supports. This mixed-methods convergent study examined self-determination in racially and ethnically minoritized autistic individuals and caregivers. Participants ages 13 to 30 (N = 73) varying widely in language and cognitive ability and caregivers (n =52) completed the Self-Determination Inventory. Autism traits and sense of community predicted caregiver report of self-determination, and autism traits and language predicted self-report of self-determination, consistent with DisCrit and Diversity Science. Self-Determination Inventory interviews of a subset of participants (n = 13) and caregivers (n = 9) were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Themes pointed to the role of the intersection of race and disability in shaping self-determination. Altogether, findings point to the importance of these frameworks, environmental influences, and multi-informant perspectives in characterizing self-determination. Future work should focus on the impact of environmental factors in self-determination in minoritized autistic individuals during the transition to adulthood.

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“…(CELF-5) Expressive Language Index and Receptive Language Index ( M = 100, SD = 15) (Wiig et al, 2013). For participants over age 21 ( n =25), CELF-5 age 21 norms were used per prior studies of adults ages 18 to 49 (Botting, 2020; Clegg et al, 2021; Fidler et al, 2011). Receptive and expressive vocabulary were assessed by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-5 th Ed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social drivers of health in communicative outcomes of racially and ethnically minoritized autistic adolescents and adults

Girolamo,

Escobedo,

Butler

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Despite their importance, little is known about how social drivers of health shape communicative outcomes in autism. Even less is known when considering the intersection of race and language impairment. An understanding of factors in communicative outcomes is key for characterizing developmental trajectories and informing supports. This cross-sectional observational study examined the role of social drivers of health in communicative outcomes of racially and ethnically minoritized autistic adolescents and adults. Participants ages 13 to 30 (N= 73) completed a behavioral assessment protocol, including language and nonverbal cognitive skills, as well as social drivers of health (sense of community, unmet services, barriers to services). Correlational analyses revealed associations between social drivers of health on social communication impairment and real-world communication. Generalized linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that language predicted real-world communication, but sense of community predicted social communication impairment. Findings point to the importance of assessing both individual differences and social drivers of health in outcomes in autism research. Future work should focus on social drivers of health in larger-scale analyses of outcomes in minoritized autistic individuals during the transition to adulthood, considering supports that align with service eligibility and person-centered outcomes.Lay AbstractWhere people live, work, and spend their time is important. Environments can have more or less services or differ in how much they help people feel like they belong to their community. These parts of the environment are called social drivers of health. Social drivers of health are important for outcomes in autism, but we do not know much about them in racially and ethnically minoritized autistic teens or adults. We recruited 73 minoritized autistic teens and adults ages 13 to 30 years and 52 caregivers (parents, grandparents, sibling) to our study. Teens and adults did language and NVIQ tests on Zoom. Teens, adults, and caregivers also answered questionnaires. Sense of community was important for social communication impairment, and language was important for real-world communication. These findings tell us two things. First, thinking about how to create supportive communication environments for autistic teens and adults is important. Second, understanding how social drivers of health shape outcomes is important. In the future, we should focus on how improving environments can help minoritized autistic teens and adults meet their communication goals.

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Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) in Young People Leaving Care in England: A Study Profiling the Language, Literacy and Communication Abilities of Young People Transitioning from Care to Independence

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Services in Minoritized Autistic Adolescents and Adults Varying in Language Skills

Services in Minoritized Autistic Adolescents and Adults Varying in Language Skills

Self-determination in minoritized autistic adolescents and adults

Social drivers of health in communicative outcomes of racially and ethnically minoritized autistic adolescents and adults

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