Developmental levels of phospholipase D isozymes in the brain of developing rats

Kim, Mia; Moon, Changjong; Kim, Heechul; Shin, Min Kyoung; Min, Do Sik; Shin, Taekyun

doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2008.09.004

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Consistent with these observations, PLD1 is largely localized in neurons (Humeau et al, 2001; Klein, 2005; Rohrbough and Broadie, 2005; Zhang et al, 2004) but is also present in oligodendrites, while PLD2 is largely found in astrocytes (e.g. see (Kim et al, 2010b; Zhang et al, 2004)). While PLD1 seems to be involved in exocytosis (Humeau et al, 2001; Vitale et al, 2001), PLD2 has been implicated in the modulation of glutamate transporter function (Mateos et al, 2012) and the internalization of mGluR (Bhattacharya et al, 2004).…”

Section: Phosphatidylcholine-specific Phospholipases D1 and D2supporting

confidence: 77%

Diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and their metabolic enzymes in synaptic vesicle recycling

Tu-Sekine

Goldschmidt

Raben

2015

Advances in Biological Regulation

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The synaptic vesicle (SV) cycle includes exocytosis of vesicles loaded with a neurotransmitter such as glutamate, coordinated recovery of SVs by endocytosis, refilling of vesicles, and subsequent release of the refilled vesicles from the presynaptic bouton. SV exocytosis is tightly linked with endocytosis, and variations in the number of vesicles, and/or defects in the refilling of SVs, will affect the amount of neurotransmitter available for release (Sudhof, 2004). There is increasing interest in the roles synaptic vesicle lipids and lipid metabolizing enzymes play in this recycling. Initial emphasis was placed on the role of polyphosphoinositides in SV cycling as outlined in a number of reviews (Lim and Wenk, 2009; Martin, 2012; Puchkov and Haucke, 2013; Rohrbough and Broadie, 2005). Other lipids are now recognized to also play critical roles. For example, PLD1 (Humeau et al., 2001; Rohrbough and Broadie, 2005) and some DGKs (Miller et al., 1999; Nurrish et al., 1999) play roles in neurotransmission which is consistent with the critical roles for phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the regulation of SV exo/endocytosis (Cremona et al., 1999; Exton, 1994; Huttner and Schmidt, 2000; Lim and Wenk, 2009; Puchkov and Haucke, 2013; Rohrbough and Broadie, 2005). PLD generates phosphatidic acid by catalyzing the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and in some systems this PtdOH is dephosphorylated to generate DAG. In contrast, DGK catalyzes the phosphorylation of DAG thereby converting it into PtdOH. While both enzymes are poised to regulate the levels of DAG and PtdOH, therefore, they both lead to the generation of PtdOH and could have opposite effects on DAG levels. This is particularly important for SV cycling as PtdOH and DAG are both needed for evoked exocytosis (Lim and Wenk, 2009; Puchkov and Haucke, 2013; Rohrbough and Broadie, 2005). Two lipids and their involved metabolic enzymes, two sphingolipids have also been implicated in exocytosis: sphingosine (Camoletto et al., 2009; Chan et al., 2012; Chan and Sieburth, 2012; Darios et al., 2009; Kanno et al., 2010; Rohrbough et al., 2004) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (Chan, Hu, 2012; Chan and Sieburth, 2012; Kanno et al., 2010). Finally a number of reports have focused on the somewhat less well studies roles of sphingolipids and cholesterol in SV cycling. In this report, we review the recent understanding of the roles PLDs, DGKs, and DAG lipases, as well as sphingolipids and cholesterol play in synaptic vesicle cycling.

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Section: Phosphatidylcholine-specific Phospholipases D1 and D2supporting

confidence: 77%

Diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and their metabolic enzymes in synaptic vesicle recycling

Tu-Sekine

Goldschmidt

Raben

2015

Advances in Biological Regulation

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“…This method was further used to measure PLD activity in homogenates of different brain regions, where the hippocampus, hypothalamus and cortex were associated with the highest PLD activity [49]. Both PLD1 and PLD2 are expressed throughout the brain during development and postnatal life, although levels of expression vary from one cell type to another, at least at the mRNA level [30] (see also reference [50]). In agreement with these expression patterns, both PLD1 and PLD2 have been implicated in neurite outgrowth [51-53].…”

Section: Role Of the Pld Pathway In Brain Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipase D in brain function and Alzheimer's disease

Oliveira

Paolo

2010

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

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Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Although lipids are major constituents of brain, their role in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis is poorly understood. Much attention has been given to cholesterol, but growing evidence suggests that other lipids, such as phospholipids, might play an important role in this disorder. In this review, we will summarize the evidence linking phospholipase D, a phosphatidic acid-synthesizing enzyme, to multiple aspects of normal brain function and to Alzheimer’s disease. The role of phospholipase D in signaling mechanisms downstream of beta-amyloid as well as in the trafficking and processing of amyloid precursor protein will be emphasized.

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“…3B) in some epithelial cells in the bronchiole and macrophages in the alveoli. PLD is transiently upregulated with postnatal development of cerebrum [12], cerebellum [12], hippocampus [15], retina [14], heart [16] and testis [13] in laboratory animals including rats and mice. It has been suggested that PLD is associated with cell proliferation and differentiation in postnatal development [3,7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PLD isozymes including both PLD1 and 2 are expressed in a variety of normal mouse tissues including the lungs [11]. PLD expression is involved in cell differentiation during postnatal organogenesis in the brain [12], testis [13], hearts [16] and retina [14].The organogenesis of the lung is achieved by branching of the conducting airways and by septation to subdivide the airspaces (alveolarization) [1]. The development of lungs after birth has been characterized in mice [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Expression of Phospholipase D Isozymes in Mouse Lungs during Postnatal Development

Moon

Jeong

Shin

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The expression level of phospholipase D (PLD) was examined in the lungs of mice during postnatal development. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed a moderate basal level of PLD1 in the lungs at postnatal 1 week, with a gradual increase occurring until week 4. The pattern of PLD2 paralleled that of PLD1, although the quantity of PLD2 was markedly less. PLD was immunostained in the most bronchiolar epithelium, some pulmonary macrophages and alveolar cells at postnatal week 1, with increased immunoreactivity in those cells with lung development at postnatal week 4. These findings suggest that the increase of PLD expression is associated with pulmonary alveolarization, possibly by involvement in cell proliferation and differentiation during postnatal mouse lung development. Phospholipase D (PLD) is ubiquitously present in all mammalian cells, and is one of major membrane phospholipids that forms phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline [7]. PLD is involved in multiple physiological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, secretion, and migration [3,7]. PLD isozymes including both PLD1 and 2 are expressed in a variety of normal mouse tissues including the lungs [11]. PLD expression is involved in cell differentiation during postnatal organogenesis in the brain [12], testis [13], hearts [16] and retina [14].The organogenesis of the lung is achieved by branching of the conducting airways and by septation to subdivide the airspaces (alveolarization) [1]. The development of lungs after birth has been characterized in mice [2]. Lung postnatal development is regulated by many factors including transcription factors, peptide growth factors and physical forces [5]. PLD is an important enzyme involved in the development of organs after birth such as the lungs; the latter markedly increase in volume within a few weeks following birth. In pulmonary epithelial and vascular endothelial cells, PLD can be stimulated by a wide variety of agonists including neurotransmitters, growth factors, hormones, antibodies, bioactive lipids, calcium ionophores, phorbol esters and reactive oxygen species (ROS) [6]. However, little is known concerning how the expression of PLD is regulated during postnatal development in the lungs of laboratory animals including mice. The aims of this study were to examine the expression and cellular localization of PLD in lungs of mice during postnatal development using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry.BALB/c adult mice (Orient Bio, Gyunggi-do, Korea) of both genders were maintained and mated in our laboratory. Lung tissues (six samples at each time point) from 2-3 litters were sampled at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after birth, and examined using Western blotting and histological analysis. All animal experiments followed a protocol approved by the Committee for Animal Experimentation at the Jeju National University.For the Western blot analysis, lung tissues were dissected and lysed in immunoprecipitation buffer [20 mM HEPES (pH 7.2), 1% Triton X-100, 1% deoxycholate, 0.1% sodium dod...

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Developmental levels of phospholipase D isozymes in the brain of developing rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and their metabolic enzymes in synaptic vesicle recycling

Diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and their metabolic enzymes in synaptic vesicle recycling

Phospholipase D in brain function and Alzheimer's disease

Expression of Phospholipase D Isozymes in Mouse Lungs during Postnatal Development

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