“…A range of variables, including developmental stage ( McFrederick et al, 2014 ; Kapheim et al, 2021 ; Nguyen and Rehan, 2022 ), sociality of host species ( Mohr and Tebbe, 2006 ; McFrederick et al, 2014 ; Graystock et al, 2017 ), climate ( McFrederick and Rehan, 2019 ), geographical location ( Almeida et al, 2022 ), and landscape features ( Cohen et al, 2020 ), have been examined to determine their effects on the microbiome. Examining microbiomes across host developmental stages has allowed for closer examinations of the establishment of microbes, showing that diet is the main source of bacteria and fungi for developing solitary bees ( Dew et al, 2020 ; Pozo et al, 2020 ; Kapheim et al, 2021 ; Nguyen and Rehan, 2022 ). Sociality can influence the bee microbiome by impacting how solitary and social bees interact with food resources, the environment, and other bees to transmit different microbes ( Mohr and Tebbe, 2006 ).…”