Developmental Origins of Adult Disease

Langley‐Evans, Simon C.; McMullen, Sarah

doi:10.1159/000273066

Cited by 207 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 219 publications

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“…12 Although the underlying mechanism remains unknown, it is suggested to be because of programming changes in neurotransmitters and hormones secreted from the hypothalamus. 13 Furthermore, abnormalities in the lipid profile and insulin tolerance have been found in adolescents and adults born with low birth weights, possibly making them susceptible to metabolic syndrome. 14 Although glucose tolerance was not evaluated in the present study, LDL-C levels were significantly higher in children whose mothers smoked until the third trimester of pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between body mass index of offspring and maternal smoking during pregnancy

et al. 2011

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the body composition of offspring. SUBJECTS: Grade 4 elementary school children (n ¼ 1366; boys/girls, 724/642; 9 --10 years old) were enrolled in this study. All parents answered a lifestyle questionnaire, and children underwent passive smoking tests. Urinary cotinine measurement and lifestyle screening test parameters (that is, body weight, body length, body mass index (BMI), obesity index (OI), blood tests for liver function and lipid profile and questions regarding maternal smoking and lifestyle) were evaluated in terms of their relationship with maternal smoking. In addition, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration was measured in 80 randomly selected children to assess its relationship with oxidative stress. RESULTS: Both BMI and OI were significantly higher in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy than in those whose mothers never smoked (BMI: 17.2±2.7 vs 16.9±2.5 kg m --2 , P ¼ 0.016; OI: 2.7±14.3% vs 0.4±14.0%, P ¼ 0.003). The degree of elevation was positively correlated with the duration of maternal smoking. The increases in BMI and OI resulted from increased body weight and reduced height. The confounding factors---'breakfast with family', 'watching television at dinner', 'eating and drinking before sleep', 'watching television for 42 h', 'sleep duration o8 h' and 'playing sports'---were statistically significant. BMI and OI were significantly high in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy in these six confounders. On the other hand, urinary 8-OHdG concentration was negatively correlated with BMI in children who had 41.3 ng ml --1 urinary cotinine, suggesting that it may be related to basal metabolism due to oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: Maternal smoking is a risk factor for higher BMI and OI in 9-to 10-year-old children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy and may be independent of other confounding factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between body mass index of offspring and maternal smoking during pregnancy

et al. 2011

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“…123 Low birth weight also may be related to the development of adult illness through epigenetic adaptation to intrauterine nutritional deficiencies (Barker hypothesis). 124 …”

Section: Effects Of Poverty Infant Mortality Adolescent Pregnancy Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators and Adverse Effects of Child Poverty in the United States

Pascoe¹,

Wood²,

Duffee³

et al. 2016

Pediatrics

134

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The link between poverty and children's health is well recognized. Even temporary poverty may have an adverse effect on children's health, and data consistently support the observation that poverty in childhood continues to have a negative effect on health into adulthood. In addition to childhood morbidity being related to child poverty, epidemiologic studies have documented a mortality gradient for children aged 1 to 15 years (and adults), with poor children experiencing a higher mortality rate than children from higher-income families. The global great recession is only now very slowly abating for millions of America's children and their families. At this diffi cult time in the history of our nation's families and immediately after the 50th anniversary year of President Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty, it is particularly germane for the American Academy of Pediatrics, which is "dedicated to the health of all children, " to publish a research-supported technical report that examines the mediators associated with the longrecognized adverse effects of child poverty on children and their families. This technical report draws on research from a number of disciplines, including physiology, sociology, psychology, economics, and epidemiology, to describe the present state of knowledge regarding poverty's negative impact on children's health and development. Children inherit not only their parents' genes but also the family ecology and its social milieu. Thus, parenting skills, housing, neighborhood, schools, and other factors (eg, medical care) all have complex relations to each other and infl uence how each child's genetic canvas is expressed. Accompanying this technical report is a policy statement that describes specifi c actions that pediatricians and other child advocates can take to attenuate the negative effects of the mediators identifi ed in this technical report and improve the well-being of our nation's children and their families.There is no keener revelation of a society's soul than the way in which it treats its children. Although medical care and access to medical care are important factors in the health of children as well as adults, a broader perspective of the social determinants of health throughout the life cycle is critically important if significant gains are to be realized in our efforts to improve the health of this nation's children. -Nelson Mandela TECHNICAL REPORTResearch that examines mediators of health as well as the effects of poverty and other circumstances in which people grow, live, work, and age in childhood and throughout the life course is accumulating rapidly, and findings are providing critical insights that can inform these efforts. 4 The environment in which a child develops is influenced by parents' health, the immediate and extended family, housing, and community. All these factors are related to a family's social, economic, and health status. 5 These multiple factors in both the social and the physical domains have dynamic influences that link them to the long-t...

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“…Extensive epidemiologic studies have suggested that adult disease risk is associated with adverse environmental conditions early in development (Heijmans et al, 2008;Nijland et al, 2008;Swanson et al, 2009;Langley-Evans and McMullen, 2010;Warner and Ozanne, 2010). David Barker's group proposed the 'fetal origins' hypothesis that malnutrition at a very early age (in utero and in infancy) resulted in earlier and more severe adult chronic diseases (Barker, 2004(Barker, , 2007Barker et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of metabolic syndrome in adults exposed to the great Chinese famine during the fetal life and early childhood

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: To determine whether exposure to the Chinese famine during fetal life and early childhood was associated with a greater risk of metabolic syndrome in later life. Subjects/Methods: We used data of adults from the 2008 annual physical examinations in Public Health Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in Chongqing. To minimize misclassification of the famine exposure periods, subjects born in 1959 and 1962 were excluded. Totally, 5040 participants were enrolled and categorized into control (1963)(1964), fetally exposed (1960)(1961) and postnatally exposed (1957)(1958) group. We adopted the definition of metabolic syndrome recommended by the Chinese Diabetes Society in 2004. Results: Women in fetally and postnatally exposed groups had significantly higher prevalences of metabolic syndrome than in control group (7.3% and 8.6% vs 4.0%, Po0.05, respectively). Women in fetally and postnatally exposed groups had a significantly higher risk of metabolic syndrome, as compared with control women (odds ratio (OR) 1.87 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-3.04, P ¼ 0.012), OR 1.50 (95% CI 1.20-1.87, P ¼ 0.0003), respectively). Similar association was not observed among men. The prevalences of metabolic syndrome among men in control, fetally and postnatally exposed groups were 20.1%, 22.5% and 18.8%, respectively, but there was no significant difference of prevalences among the three groups. Conclusions: We found that exposure to the Chinese famine in early life period was associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood of women, but not men. This gender difference might be due to the mortality selection and son preference hypothesis.

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Developmental Origins of Adult Disease

Cited by 207 publications

References 219 publications

Relationship between body mass index of offspring and maternal smoking during pregnancy

Relationship between body mass index of offspring and maternal smoking during pregnancy

Mediators and Adverse Effects of Child Poverty in the United States

Risk of metabolic syndrome in adults exposed to the great Chinese famine during the fetal life and early childhood

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